Comprehensive Management of COPD with Coexisting Conditions: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies
Khushboo muzaffar
, Sadaf nisar , Tawqeer shafi , S.k.Nayak
COPD, comorbidites, chronic systemic inflammation, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, chronic pulmonary disease, osteoarthritis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the fastest-growing causes of deaths worldwide. Extrapulmonary dysfunction overlapping has a significant impact on the prognosis of COPD patients. Tobacco smoking and air pollutant are the major factors involved in the initial step of COPD development along with cardiopulmonary illness and lung cancer. Some multiple medical conditions, such as cardiac disease and nutritional deficiencies, are directly caused by chronic pulmonary disease. Additionally, venous thromboembolism, depressive disorders, insomnia, osteoarthritis, obesity, insulin resistance, iron deficiency etc. also associated comorbidities with COPD. Many of these extrapulmonary symptoms are triggered by a chronic inflammatory process that raises COPD cases, hospitalizations, and healthcare expenses as well as contributing to mortality independent of respiratory failure. Addressing these comorbidities is necessary for effective care of COPD, since these conditions generally complicate the treatment. Concurrent illnesses comprise cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, bone disease, and mental health difficulties, and their recurrent changes complicate the diagnosis of COPD and these disorders. Recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the harmful impact of these comorbidities on COPD patients. Understanding the relationship between COPD and its comorbidities, influenced by shared risk factors and chronic systemic inflammation, are crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging therapies targeting both COPD and its comorbidities, such as statins, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors, and antioxidants, have shown promising therapeutic options but require further research to optimize efficacy and minimize side effects.
"Comprehensive Management of COPD with Coexisting Conditions: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies", IJNTI - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL TRENDS AND INNOVATION (www.IJNTI.org), ISSN:2984-908X, Vol.3, Issue 1, page no.53-88, January-2025, Available :https://rjpn.org/IJNTI/papers/IJNTITH00002.pdf
Volume 3
Issue 1,
January-2025
Pages : 53-88
Paper Reg. ID: IJNTI_230921
Published Paper Id: IJNTITH00002
Downloads: 000870
Research Area: Pharmacy All
Country: Anantnag, Jammu and Kashmir, India
ISSN: 2984-908X | IMPACT FACTOR: 9.57 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2023
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 9.57 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: RJPN (IJPublication) Janvi Wave
