Abstract

This study focused on determining the influence of social media influencers on students’ buying behavior. The researchers had a complete enumeration of respondents with a total of one hundred seventy-seven (177) Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship students for the school year 2024-2025 on Eastern Samar State University- Guiuan Campus. The study used the descriptive-correlational design of exercising a survey questionnaire to determine the demographic profile, perception, and buying behavior of the respondents. Percentage counts, mean, and frequency were employed in this study. With the statistical tools used in this research, the results revealed that the perceptions of entrepreneurship students (credibility, followers, and authenticity) are very important towards the students learning, with a grand mean of 3.65. Meanwhile, for the purchasing behavior of entrepreneurship students (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), this results in a grand mean of 3.59 and is interpreted as very important to the learning of the students. However, this study reveals that there is no significant relationship between the demographic profile and buying behavior of entrepreneurship students which only explains that the demographic profile has nothing to do with the buying behavior of the entrepreneurship students. On the other hand, the study reveals that there is a highly significant relationship between the perception of entrepreneurship students on social media influencers and buying behavior, hence rejecting the null hypothesis of this study. The researchers then drawn the following recommendations based on the findings of the study: (1) Companies should leverage social media influencers to target student consumers, as the study shows that students are significantly influenced by social media influencers in their buying decisions. It is recommended that businesses collaborate with influencers who align with their brand values to effectively market to students. (2) Universities and colleges may encourage student to be in vlogging and online marketing in order to improve their skills. Universities can help in honing the skills of the students when it comes to vlogging and online marketing. (3) Students should be more mindful of the influence that social media influencers have on their buying behavior. They are encouraged to develop critical thinking skills in assessing whether purchases are driven by genuine needs or by influencer marketing tactics, and; (4) Further researchers should explore the long-term effects of social media influencers on students' buying behavior, as this area of research is still evolving. Future research could focus on specific industries or products and how influencers affect the decision-making process over time.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

Social Media Influencers, Students, Buying Behavior, Social Media

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

The concept of Orodispersible tables has become very famous now a days as a new drug delivery system. This system will provide maximum therapeutic effect, increased bioavilabity and maximum stability by reducing the dosage. This system provide more rapid drug absorption from the pre gastric area and gives quick onset olfaction. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate Orodispersible tablets dosage form to improve patient compliance quick onset olfaction. Piribedil is a piperazine derivative drug D2 and D3 receptor agonist used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease as a monotherapy or in combination with L Dopa. As piribedil is a class II Drug and undergoes first pass metabolism resulting in low oral bioavailability. In order to overcome first pass metabolism of piribedil, its Orodispersible tablets are formed. ODTs of piribedil are prepared by direct compression method. Sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone, crosscarmellose sodium were used as superdsiintegrants which are rapidly disintegrated in oral cavity. MCC PH-102 and mannitol were used as directly compressible diluent. Citric acid were used as saliva stimulating agent. Aerosol and sodium starch fumarate were used as glident and lubricant.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

Orodispersible, Parkinson’s diseases, Superdisintegrater.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

A crucial component of pharmaceutical drug development is photostability, which guarantees that active components maintain their chemical integrity, safety, and effectiveness in the presence of light. Commonly used as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory medication, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is known to photodegrade, resulting in decreased efficacy and the production of potentially hazardous metabolites. This study examines the photostability of aspirin utilizing a low- cost, instrument-free approach as a workable substitute for expensive, lab-based methods like UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. Aqueous and solid-state aspirin samples were prepared for the experiment and then left in the sun for a few days. Under steady circumstances, control samples were kept in the dark. To track indications of deterioration, visual observations (color shift, clarity, and odor) were documented every day. Salicylic acid, a crucial byproduct of aspirin breakdown, was found using a qualitative ferric chloride test. The samples exposed to sunlight exhibited a vinegar-like odor, gradual staining, and positive ferric chloride test findings, all of which verified that aspirin hydrolyzed into acetic and salicylic acids. The control samples, however, did not alter. The findings show that aspirin significantly degrades when exposed to sunshine. High-end photostability testing techniques need expensive apparatus, specialized equipment, and controlled settings, yet they yield accurate, quantitative data. Even though it is less sensitive, the instrument-free method provides a low-cost, easily accessible, and instructive way to identify significant degradation in environments with limited resources. 

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Keywords

photostability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

The present study investigates the role of perceived social support in enhancing psychological resilience among Indian youngsters. A total of 90 participants aged 18 to 30 years were selected using convenience sampling. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was adopted. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to assess social support, with resilience measured through self-report. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, and Chi-square test. A significant positive correlation was found between social support and resilience, indicating that stronger support systems are associated with greater adaptability. No gender difference was observed in social support, but resilience scores were higher among males. Chi-square tests showed no significant categorical associations. The findings highlight the importance of social support in fostering resilience among youth, with implications for mental health and educational interventions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Social Support, Resilience, Youngsters, MSPSS, t-Test, Chi-square

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

Abstract

DISSERTATION On “The Influence of corporate social responsibility on brand image and consumer purchase intention” Submitted to the Galgotias University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by Abhishek kr. singh (Enrollment No): 23GSOB2011338 Under the Guidance of Dr. Gaurav Dixit Assistant Professor Batch : 2023 – 2025 School of Business Galgotias University DECLARATION I, Abhishek kr.singh Roll No. 23GSOB2011338, student of School of Business, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, hereby declare that the Master’s Thesis on “Predictive analytics of sales of electric vehicles in India” is an original and authenticated work done by me. I further declare that it has not been submitted elsewhere by any other person in any of the institutes for the award of any degree or diploma. Name – Signature – Date – ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my project guide for his valuable guidance and health in completing this project work. Additionally, I would like to thank “Dr. Gaurav Dixit, GU”, who believed that I could complete this training report on time. His moral guidelines, endless effort, and joyful encouragement made me succeed. I owe a very special thanks to my parents who were behind me throughout my project encouraging me perform the test. Their unwavering faith and confidence in me made my training a success. This training report would not be accomplished without generous contributions of any individuals & organization. I am very much thankful to one and all who helped me with their knowledge and cleared my doubts whenever I approached them. Kindly accept my apologies if I have done any mistakes and thanks for your support. Abhishek kr. Singh PREFACE Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a vital factor influencing brand image and consumer purchase intention, where social and environmental concerns play a significant role in consumer decision-making. This study examines how CSR initiatives shape brand perception and purchasing behavior, highlighting the growing importance of ethical business practices in today’s competitive market. The research identifies a strong correlation between CSR engagement and consumer trust. Companies that actively contribute to environmental sustainability, community development, and ethical governance enhance their brand reputation and foster long-term customer loyalty.where consumers are increasingly conscious of corporate impact on society, businesses integrating CSR into their core strategies gain a competitive advantage. Key findings indicate that consumers are more likely to support brands that demonstrate genuine social responsibility. CSR activities such as eco-friendly practices, education programs, and disaster relief efforts significantly influence brand credibility and consumer preference. Additionally, the study underscores the role of digital platforms in shaping CSR perceptions, with social media playing a critical role in amplifying corporate initiatives and consumer engagement. For businesses, this research highlights the necessity of authentic CSR strategies. Companies must move beyond superficial CSR campaigns and ensure that their initiatives align with consumer values and regional socio-economic needs. By embedding CSR into their brand identity, organizations can not only enhance market differentiation but also drive sustainable growth and long-term profitability. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Brand Image, Consumer Purchase Intention, Ethical Business Practices, Sustainability Table of Content SR.NO. TITLE PAGE NO. 1 Title Page I 2 Candidate Declaration II 3 Acknowledgement III 4 Executive Summary IV 5 Table of Content V 6 Chapter:1 Introduction 5 -27 7 Chapter:2 Literature Review 27- 35 8 Chapter:3 Research Methodology 35-36 9 Chapter:4 Data Interpretation 36- 60 10 Chapter:5 Conclusion 60-63 11 Bibliography 64-66 12 Annexure Questionnaire 67-70 Introduction In today's marketplace, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and brand authenticity have emerged as major drivers of consumer purchasing behaviour. Consumers are no longer influenced solely by product quality and pricing; instead, they seek brands that align with their personal values and demonstrate ethical responsibility. Among the key consumer segments shaping this trend, consumer stands out as the most socially aware and digitally engaged demographic. This study explores the impact of CSR on brand image and consumer purchase intention in the context of consumer, a region known for its cultural heritage, ecological significance, and economic growth. Given the rise in environmental concerns, ethical consumerism, and social activism, brands that integrate CSR into their business models, marketing strategies, and operational processes can build lasting relationships with consumers while enhancing their competitive advantage. The Rise of People as Socially Conscious Consumers Understanding how people Influence in the Marketplace Consumers are rapidly becoming one of the most influential consumer groups. By 2025, they will make up nearly 27% of the global population and account for 40% of all consumer spending. This generation has grown up in a hyper-connected, digital-first world, giving them unparalleled access to information about brands, their values, and their impact on society. Why Brand Authenticity Matters to People Some consumers places a high premium on brand authenticity, which encompasses: ï‚· Transparency: They expect brands to be open about their sourcing, labor conditions, and production processes. ï‚· Consistency: Brands must align their messaging with their actions, ensuring that their corporate values are reflected in their marketing and business practices. ï‚· Social Responsibility: Few prioritizes brands that actively contribute to social and environmental causes, rather than those that merely capitalize on trends. ï‚· Connection with Purpose: They favor brands that go beyond profit-making and stand for a greater cause, such as mental health awareness, climate change, diversity, and inclusion. The Role of Social Media in Shaping Brand Perceptions Consumers are highly influenced by digital platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and Twitter, where brands are held accountable for their actions. Unlike previous generations, they do not rely solely on advertisements; instead, they seek peer reviews, influencer recommendations, and user-generated content to verify a brand’s credibility. Brands that engage in "greenwashing" (falsely marketing themselves as environmentally friendly) or "virtue signaling" (superficial support for social causes) are quickly exposed, leading to a decline in consumer trust. Conversely, brands that maintain authenticity, engage with their audience, and demonstrate real impact gain loyalty and long-term customer retention. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a Strategic Business Tool Defining CSR and Its Growing Importance Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's ethical obligation to contribute to social, environmental, and economic progress beyond its financial goals. It has evolved from a voluntary practice into a strategic necessity for businesses seeking consumer trust, competitive differentiation, and long-term sustainability. The increasing emphasis on sustainable business models, eco-friendly products, and ethical sourcing has made CSR an integral part of a brand’s success. Companies that invest in social impact initiatives, fair labour policies, and community welfare projects experience higher levels of consumer trust, brand loyalty, and market credibility. The Link Between CSR and Brand Image CSR is deeply tied to brand image and consumer purchase behaviour. Companies that actively engage in environmental conservation, ethical labor practices, community development, and corporate philanthropy are viewed as responsible, ethical, and customer-focused. Several studies indicate that CSR contributes to: 1. Stronger Brand Reputation – Consumers associate CSR-oriented brands with positive values and trustworthiness. 2. Higher Consumer Engagement – Ethical brands tend to foster a more emotionally connected customer base. 3. Increased Purchase Intent – Consumers are more likely to buy from brands that contribute to social good. CSR Trends in consumer: It is known for its rich biodiversity, tourism industry, and emerging business sectors, presents a unique landscape for CSR initiatives. Companies operating in the region—particularly in the tourism, manufacturing, and FMCG industries—have begun implementing CSR initiatives aimed at: ï‚· Environmental sustainability (eco-tourism, reforestation, waste management). ï‚· Disaster relief efforts (support for flood and earthquake-affected regions). ï‚· Rural employment and skill development programs. ï‚· Healthcare and education initiatives for underprivileged communities. Despite these efforts, there is limited research on how CSR activities influence brand perception and consumer purchasing behavior. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing how regional businesses can leverage CSR to strengthen their market presence. Understanding Consumers Influence in the Marketplace Consumers are rapidly becoming one of the most influential consumer groups. By 2025, they will make up nearly 27% of the global population and account for 40% of all consumer spending. This generation has grown up in a hyper-connected, digital-first world, giving them unparalleled access to information about brands, their values, and their impact on society. Consumers expectations extend beyond product quality and pricing. They demand authenticity, transparency, and social responsibility from the brands they support. Companies failing to meet these expectations risk losing this influential consumer base to more ethically aligned competitors. Why Brand Authenticity Matters to Consumers: Consumers place a high premium on brand authenticity, which encompasses: ï‚· Transparency: They expect brands to be open about their sourcing, labour conditions, and production processes. ï‚· Consistency: Brands must align their messaging with their actions, ensuring that their corporate values are reflected in their marketing and business practices. ï‚· Social Responsibility: Consumers prioritize brands that actively contribute to social and environmental causes rather than those that merely capitalize on trends. ï‚· Connection with Purpose: They favor brands that go beyond profit-making and stand for a greater cause, such as mental health awareness, climate change, diversity, and inclusion. The Role of Social Media in Shaping Brand Perceptions Consumers are highly influenced by digital platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, YouTube, and Twitter, where brands are held accountable for their actions. Unlike previous generations, they do not rely solely on advertisements; instead, they seek peer reviews, influencer recommendations, and user-generated content to verify a brand’s credibility. Brands that engage in "greenwashing" (falsely marketing themselves as environmentally friendly) or "virtue signaling" (superficials support for social causes) are quickly exposed, leading to a decline in consumer trust. Conversely, brands that maintain authenticity, engage with their audience, and demonstrate real impact gain loyalty and long-term customer retention. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a Strategic Business Tool Defining CSR and Its Growing Importance Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's ethical obligation to contribute to social, environmental, and economic progress beyond its financial goals. It has evolved from a voluntary practice into a strategic necessity for businesses seeking consumer trust, competitive differentiation, and long-term sustainability. The increasing emphasis on sustainable business models, eco-friendly products, and ethical sourcing has made CSR an integral part of a brand’s success. Companies that invest in social impact initiatives, fair labor policies, and community welfare projects experience higher levels of consumer trust, brand loyalty, and market credibility. The Link Between CSR and Brand Image CSR is deeply tied to brand image and consumer purchase behavior. Companies that actively engage in environmental conservation, ethical labor practices, community development, and corporate philanthropy are viewed as responsible, ethical, and customer-focused. Several studies indicate that CSR contributes to: 1. Stronger Brand Reputation – Consumers associate CSR-oriented brands with positive values and trustworthiness. 2. Higher Consumer Engagement – Ethical brands tend to foster a more emotionally connected customer base. 3. Increased Purchase Intent – Consumers are more likely to buy from brands that contribute to social good. CSR as a Long-Term Business Investment Investing in CSR not only improves brand perception but also enhances long-term business sustainability. Companies that integrate CSR into their core operations benefit from increased customer loyalty, improved employee morale, and stronger investor confidence. In contrast, businesses that ignore CSR may face reputational risks, consumer distrust, and declining market relevance. CSR Trends in consumer It, known for its rich biodiversity, tourism industry, and emerging business sectors, presents a unique landscape for CSR initiatives. Companies operating in the region—particularly in the tourism, manufacturing, and FMCG industries—have begun implementing CSR initiatives aimed at: ï‚· Environmental sustainability (eco-tourism, reforestation, waste management). ï‚· Disaster relief efforts (support for flood and earthquake-affected regions). ï‚· Rural employment and skill development programs. ï‚· Healthcare and education initiatives for underprivileged communities. Despite these efforts, there is limited research on how CSR activities influence brand perception and consumer purchasing behavior. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing how regional businesses can leverage CSR to strengthen their market presence. Case Studies of Successful CSR Initiatives Case Study 1: Patagonia – A Global Model of CSR Patagonia, a global outdoor clothing brand, has successfully integrated CSR into its business model by focusing on environmental sustainability. The company’s initiatives include using recycled materials, advocating for conservation efforts, and committing a percentage of its profits to environmental causes. This has not only strengthened its brand image but also fostered a loyal customer base. Case Study 2: Tata Group’s CSR The Tata Group has undertaken multiple CSR initiatives, including community development programs, education initiatives, and healthcare services.Their disaster relief efforts during natural calamities have significantly enhanced their brand credibility in the region. Case Study 3: The Body Shop – Ethical Consumerism The Body Shop has built its brand around ethical consumerism by prioritizing cruelty-free products, sustainable sourcing, and fair-trade practices. Their commitment to transparency and social responsibility has made them a preferred brand among consumers. 6. Future Directions for CSR and Brand Authenticity Emerging Trends in CSR ï‚· Digital CSR Campaigns: More brands are leveraging social media to communicate their CSR initiatives effectively. ï‚· Sustainable Packaging: Consumers are increasingly drawn to brands that use eco friendly materials. ï‚· Employee Welfare Programs: Companies investing in fair wages and employee well being see increased consumer support. Challenges in Implementing CSR ï‚· Cost Constraints: Many small businesses struggle to allocate funds for CSR initiatives. ï‚· Consumer Skepticism: Some consumers remain doubtful about the authenticity of CSR claims. ï‚· Regulatory Compliance: Companies must navigate complex legal requirements to ensure ethical business practices. Future Directions for CSR and Brand Authenticity Emerging Trends in CSR ï‚· Digital CSR Campaigns: More brands are leveraging social media to communicate their CSR initiatives effectively. ï‚· Sustainable Packaging: Consumers are increasingly drawn to brands that use eco friendly materials. ï‚· Employee Welfare Programs: Companies investing in fair wages and employee well being see increased consumer support. Challenges in Implementing CSR ï‚· Cost Constraints: Many small businesses struggle to allocate funds for CSR initiatives. ï‚· Consumer Skepticism: Some consumers remain doubtful about the authenticity of CSR claims. ï‚· Regulatory Compliance: Companies must navigate complex legal requirements to ensure ethical business practices. Key Impacts of CSR on Consumer Behavior 1. CSR Builds Consumer Trust and Loyalty CSR initiatives create long-term consumer relationships, fostering trust and loyalty. According to recent surveys: ï‚· 80% of consumers believe that businesses should contribute to social and environmental causes. ï‚· 66% of consumers are willing to pay more for products from socially responsible companies. ï‚· 74% of consumers say they actively boycott brands that violate ethical standards. Companies that consistently engage in genuine CSR initiatives gain a competitive advantage by securing loyal customers who align with their values. 2. CSR Enhances Brand Differentiation in a Competitive Market In today’s highly saturated marketplace, differentiation is crucial. CSR serves as a powerful branding tool that allows businesses to stand out. Consumers perceive socially responsible brands as: ï‚· More credible and ethical. ï‚· More aligned with their personal beliefs and values. ï‚· More deserving of brand loyalty and long-term support. By promoting CSR initiatives through authentic storytelling and impactful campaigns, companies can establish a stronger emotional connection with their audience. 3. CSR Positively Influences Purchase Decisions ï‚· Consumers actively support brands that align with their values. ï‚· Businesses that engage in meaningful social impact initiatives attract higher customer engagement and sales conversions. ï‚· Ethical consumerism is no longer a niche trend but a mainstream expectation. 4. Digital Engagement and CSR Communication To maximize the impact of CSR, companies must focus on effective digital communication strategies. This includes: ï‚· Engaging social media content (videos, infographics, testimonials). ï‚· Collaborations with influencers and activists who advocate for social causes. ï‚· User-generated content to showcase real customer experiences with CSR-driven Literature Review Brand authenticity has traversed a continuous evolution process, especially with the rise of new consumer segments such as Generation Z. Being the first actual digital-native generation, consumers have unique features and expectations that influence consumer behavior. The current literature review tries to analyze existing research on the influence of brand authenticity in consumer buying process, focusing significantly on aspects like social responsibility, transparency, trust, and value alignment. 1.Defining Brand Authenticity: Brand authenticity refers to the extent to which a brand is considered to be true to its values, transparent in its actions, and consistent in communication. Several scholars have defined brand authenticity in various ways: Beverland (2005) emphasizes that brand authenticity is the perception that a brand is genuine, reliable, and consistent in its communication, both in words and actions. Morhart, Malär, and Wüster (2015) further expand on the above definition when they point out that brand authenticity is about the alignment of the brand's image with the values it communicates to the consumer. The brand should represent something more than profit maximization. Napoleon (2018) adds that authenticity is also particularly crucial in an age where people generally are better informed because of the internet, so they can better spot inconsistencies between a brand's claims and its actions. 2.Consumer as a Group: Consumer, represents the largest and most diverse consumer group globally. Unlike previous generations, this cohort has grown up in a digitally connected world, which significantly influences their purchasing behavior. Key characteristics of as a consumer relevant to brand authenticity include: 3.Digital Natives: Consumers have information at the tip of their fingers. They have direct access to brands and what they do through various social media platforms, including Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter, making it easier for them to evaluate a brand's authenticity (Smith, 2019). Social Consciousness: Consumers are concerned about environmental matters, racial justice, and emotional health. They have a high expectation towards brands on this matter, such that they do whatever they can to support the cause (Francis & Hoefel, 2018). It makes social responsibility an important element of brand authenticity for this generation. Trust in Peer Reviews: Consumers have always believed in recommendations from peers and influencers rather than traditional advertising. They are extremely skeptical about brands that do not resonate with their personal values or those that make false promises (Pew Research Center, 2021). 4.Brand Authenticity and Consumer's Purchase Decision: There have been countless studies on the relationship between brand authenticity and the behavior of consumers during purchasing. Brand authenticity may influence consumers buying decision from the perspectives of the following dimensions: 5.Trust and transparency: Brand authenticity for consumers builds trust, and as highlighted by Manning and Hennig Thurau (2019), consumers belonging to this generation are highly likely to research a brand's practices, values, and reputation prior to making any purchasing decision. Trust is based on transparency which occurs in terms of declaring openness about the source of products that one sells, labour practices, and the environmental footprint of the brand. For instance, according to Edelman (2020), consumers are very much sensitive to messages of greenwashing. Brands perceived as making false claims in terms of environmental friendliness are more likely to alienate this demographic. According to Morhart et al. (2015), the brand must give straightforward and truthful information on all its communication channels, more so on social media, where opinions are first shared by a considerable number of consumers. 6.Social Responsibility and Purpose: Consumers are often termed as the most socially conscious in this generation, and thus, brands have to win the hearts of these young people based on their values. According to research, brand activism will be the underlying reason for this authenticity: Gupta & Finkelstein (2020), however, found that consumers are more likely to support those brands that share their concern in social causes: diversity, inclusivity, and environmental sustainability. For example, Patagonia and Ben & Jerry's successfully built strong, authentic brand images by supporting the causes that matter to consumers. According to Francis and Hoefel (2018), a consumer is not just a family's ability to authentically communicate based on marketing messages but also on a company's actions. Commitment to diversity, the treatment of workers, or taking positions on political or social issues are all indicative of where consumer will place the brand in its mind. According to Crosby & Johnson (2021), brands that operate on purpose-driven marketing wherein they discuss their purpose beyond making money are likely to inspire long-term loyalty from customers. 7.Consistency Across Channels: Consumer looks for consistency between the communication of a brand message and its practice. Lack of consistency in brand behavior through making ethics claims which are not supported by actual practices tends to decrease credibility. According to Hollis, 2020, consumers are very likely to spend money with brands that speak with consistent values and messaging across every platform: whether it is through traditional ads, social media, or even customer service. If it doesn't back the messaging, it is easily caught by this generation. Brands that build authentic relationships with their customers through consistent engagement, personalized communication, and a focus on customer experience are more likely to foster loyalty from Consumer (Keller, 2020). 8.Influence of Social Media and Peer Networks: For people , social media is a significant influencer on brand perception and authenticity. While platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube offer brands avenues to reach consumers, it also opens a space for consumer voices-in the form of influencers, peers, and activists-to influence the perception of brand authenticity. According to Marwick (2019), consumer relies on user-generated content (UGC) and influencer endorsements to evaluate the authenticity of a brand. This generation is highly influenced by peers who share the same values and experiences with them. Brands perceived as legitimate and trustworthy are those that collaborate with influencers who resonate well with consumers values. According to the study, conducted by Influence.co in 2021, authenticity in influencer partnerships is what matters most for consumers. Influencers must be "real" and genuinely use the products they are promoting because those who are paid for promotions have less influence over consumers purchasing decisions. 9.Willingness to Pay a Premium: While consumer is relatively price-sensitive, they often give a higher price for the brands they deem authentic. Study findings reveal that ethical consumption is important for consumer and they are willing to invest in products aligned with their ethical and social values. According to Nielsen, in 2020, a total of 66% of consumer is ready to pay extra for brands that are socially responsible, also showing a preference for sustainable, transparent brands in particular. Trevino & Pacheco (2021) state that the willingness to pay more of consumer for authentic products is not only about supporting a cause but also about purchasing products that connect to who they are and what they believe in. Brands will be able to increase their sales and, more importantly, the long-term loyalty from consumers when they can relate the authenticity to their identity. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to a company's pledge towards social, environmental, and economic sustainability alongside profit maximization (Carroll, 1991). CSR has grown from being a philanthropic idea to a core strategic business strategy that influences corporate reputation and consumer choice in the long term (Kotler & Lee, 2005). In India, CSR gained legal significance with the Companies Act, 2013, whereby those companies that have certain financial standards are mandatorily required to invest a minimum of 2% of their net profit on CSR initiatives. This has resulted in an increase in CSR activities in sectors like education, health, rural development, and environment protection (Gupta & Sharma, 2016). Literature has established the strong link between CSR and brand image, suggesting that socially responsible firms enjoy greater consumer trust, loyalty, and market differentiation (Bhattacharya & Sen, 2004). Moreover, CSR also has a considerable impact on consumer purchase intention since ethical consumerism is increasingly becoming a strong influencer in contemporary purchasing behaviour (Du et al., 2010). This literature review seeks to examine past studies, theoretical concepts, and empirical evidence to grasp the impact of CSR on brand image and consumer buying intention in light socio-economic reality. Stakeholder Theory (Freeman, 1984) proposes that companies must address the demands of all the stakeholders, ranging from consumers to employees, investors, and society. Companies that practice CSR enhance stakeholder relations, corporate reputation, and consumer confidence (Donaldson & Preston, 1995). A number of psychological theories illustrate how CSR influences consumer action: Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1991): Consumers will like to shop from those firms who share similar moral values. Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979): Consumers feel an affiliation with brands which reflect their social beliefs and values. Brand Trust Model (Chaudhuri & Holbrook, 2001): Brands with CSR roots are more trustworthy to consumers and show greater repetition in purchase actions. Empirical Findings and Studies Empirical studies focused on consumers and validate the notion that CSR builds brand credibility: Sharma and Pandey (2019) established that CSR activities in disaster relief and education enhance consumer perception. Conclusion- Literature suggests that CSR has a positive effect on brand image and purchase intention. Organizations making investments in sustainable development, ethical business, and social well-being can strengthen their market position and consumer confidence. Long-term consumer behaviour patterns and industry-specific CSR effects can be researched in the future. This literature review tries to assess current research, theoretical models, and empirical studies to see how CSR affects brand image and purchase intention. In accordance with the Corporate Image Theory (Fombrun & Shanley, 1990), corporate social responsibility actions create brand reputation. CSR actions create a positive brand image, hence leading to higher customer loyalty and competitive power. •Challenges and Limitations of CSR: 1- Challenges in Implementing CSR •Consumer unawareness of CSR initiatives. •Inability to Measure CSR Impact. •Financial Limitations for small and medium enterprises (SMEs). 2- Need for Digital CSR Awareness •Firms need to leverage social media and digital channels for CSR communication. . Research Gaps and Future Directions 1- Unexplored Areas in CSR Research •Few studies on regional consumer attitudes towards CSR. •Long-term empirical examination of the impact of CSR on brand loyalty. 2- Future Research Directions •The use of online media for CSR branding. •Impact of CSR policies of governments on regional firms. Currently, there are several definitions that are referred to as CSR. They are all mostly consistent, as introduced by Dahls Rud (2008), and therefore the absence of a single widely accepted definition is irrelevant. Neverth eless, this scarcity due to the broadness of the concept as well as different perceptions by scholars (Brunk 2010) leads to the lack of a normative framework that accounts for, in practice, the phenomenon of CSR. It is indeed required to create a common basis on which the various CSR concepts can be related (Okoye 2009). Votaw (1972) asserts that for all people CSR does not denote the same, as for a few it equals legal responsibility, for others, it can be defined as socially responsible behaviour at the ethical level, and for others, it can representative. Research Methodology A well-structured research methodology is essential to systematically investigate the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand image and consumer purchase intention. This section outlines the study's research design, data collection methods, sampling techniques, data analysis approaches, validity, reliability measures, and ethical considerations. The combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches ensures a comprehensive analysis of consumer behaviours related to CSR. 1. Research Design The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies to ensure a well-rounded understanding of the impact of CSR on brand perception and consumer behavior. The research design is structured as follows: Descriptive Research: This component of the study focuses on identifying key CSR initiatives that influence consumer perception and purchase behavior. It helps in quantifying relationships between CSR activities and consumer responses. Exploratory Research: Since CSR is a broad and dynamic field, exploratory research is employed to investigate deeper insights into how CSR contributes to brand authenticity and how consumers interpret its impact. This approach helps uncover hidden patterns, consumer sentiments, and cultural influences affecting CSR perception in Consumers. Justification for Mixed Methods A combination of structured surveys and in-depth interviews allows for a holistic understanding. Quantitative data provides statistical evidence of CSR’s impact, while qualitative data offers contextual understanding, exploring consumer emotions, trust, and ethical considerations. 2. Data Collection Methods The study utilizes both primary and secondary data sources to ensure reliability and depth in research findings. 2.1 Primary Data Collection Primary data will be gathered through surveys and interviews to collect firsthand responses from consumers. Surveys A structured questionnaire will be developed to collect data from consumers, focusing on their awareness, perception, and response to CSR initiatives. The questionnaire will consist of both closed-ended and open-ended questions. Likert Scale (1-5) responses will be used to measure the intensity of consumer opinions regarding CSR initiatives and brand authenticity. Questions will focus on CSR domains such as environmental sustainability, ethical labor practices, corporate philanthropy, and responsible marketing. Survey Mode: The survey will be distributed both online (Google Forms, email) and offline (physical forms in retail stores, universities, and workplaces). Interviews To gain deeper insights, semi-structured interviews will be conducted with selected participants. The interview guide will focus on: Understanding how CSR affects consumer trust and loyalty. Consumer expectations from brands regarding ethical responsibility. The role of digital media in shaping CSR perceptions. How CSR influences purchase decisions across different demographics. Sample Size for Interviews: 10-15 respondents from different age groups and socio-economic. Interviews will be recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. 2.2 Secondary Data Collection Secondary data will be collected from various credible sources to complement primary data findings. These include: Academic Journals: Published studies on CSR and consumer behavior. Government Reports: CSR policies and their impact on businesses in India. Company Reports: CSR initiatives of major companies operating in Dehradun. Market Research Reports: Consumer trends related to ethical consumption and sustainability. News Articles and Case Studies: Real-world examples of successful CSR campaigns. 3. Sampling Method and Sample Size 3.1 Target Population The study focuses on consumers, particularly young adults, professionals, and retail consumers who actively engage with brands. The target population includes individuals from diverse age groups, occupations, and income levels. 3.2 Sampling Technique A combination of convenience sampling and stratified sampling will be employed: Convenience Sampling: Due to time and accessibility constraints, participants will be selected based on ease of reach (e.g., university students, employees, online respondents). Stratified Sampling: If needed, the sample will be further divided based on key demographics such as age, gender, location (urban vs. rural), and economic background to ensure balanced representation. 3.3 Sample Size Survey Respondents: 300 to 500 participants to ensure statistical significance and represent diverse consumer perspectives. Interview Participants: 10-15 respondents to obtain rich qualitative insights. 4. Data Analysis Techniques 4.1 Quantitative Data Analysis Survey data will be analyzed using statistical methods to identify relationships between CSR initiatives and consumer perceptions. Descriptive Statistics: Mean, median, standard deviation, and frequency distribution will summarize the demographic characteristics and key survey findings. Correlation Analysis: To assess the relationship between CSR factors (e.g., environmental sustainability, ethical sourcing) and consumer purchase intention. Regression Analysis: Multiple regression models will be used to determine the strength of influence CSR has on brand image and consumer loyalty. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance): To study variations in CSR perception across different demographics. Factor Analysis: If applicable, factor analysis will be conducted to identify key attributes contributing to CSR perception and brand trust. 4.2 Qualitative Data Analysis Interview responses will be subjected to thematic analysis to extract meaningful insights: Coding and Categorization: Responses will be transcribed, coded, and categorized into key themes such as brand authenticity, social impact, and ethical business practices. Content Analysis: Identifying patterns in consumer narratives to understand underlying motivations. 5. Validity and Reliability To ensure research accuracy and credibility, the following measures will be implemented: Pre-testing: The questionnaire will be tested on a small group to refine clarity and eliminate ambiguous questions. Pilot Study: A pilot survey will be conducted to test the effectiveness of data collection instruments. Internal Consistency: Cronbach’s Alpha will be used to assess the reliability of survey scales. Triangulation: By combining survey, interview, and secondary data, the study will ensure a comprehensive and cross-validated approach. 6. Ethical Considerations This research adheres to ethical principles to protect participants' rights and ensure integrity: Informed Consent: Participants will be informed about the study’s objectives and will provide voluntary consent. Confidentiality & Anonymity: Personal details and responses will be kept confidential. No identifying information will be shared. Right to Withdraw: Participants can exit the study at any time without consequences. Minimization of Harm: No participant will be subjected to psychological or physical distress during data collection. Ethical Approval: Approval will be obtained from relevant academic institutions before conducting the research. 7. Limitations of the Study While every effort will be made to ensure the robustness of the study, the following limitations must be acknowledged: Geographical Constraint: The study is conducted and may be generalizable to other regions. Self-Reported Data: Survey responses are based on self-perception, which may introduce bias. Sample Size Limitations: The study may not fully capture all consumer perspectives due to time constraints and participant availability. Data Analysis and Interpretation Data Cleaning and Processing Before conducting any statistical analysis, the collected data will undergo rigorous cleaning and processing to ensure its accuracy, consistency, and completeness. This phase involves detecting and handling any inconsistencies, missing values, and outliers that might affect the quality of analysis. Data validation checks will be implemented to identify erroneous entries, ensuring that responses are logical and aligned with the study's objectives. For missing data, suitable statistical methods such as mean imputation, regression techniques, or multiple imputations may be used depending on the nature and extent of missing responses. Additionally, responses with extreme values will be analyzed to determine if they are genuine outliers or a result of entry errors. The processed data will then be formatted appropriately for further statistical evaluation. Descriptive Statistics Descriptive statistical methods will be employed to summarize and present the demographic and behavioral attributes of the respondents. The primary descriptive statistical tools include: ï‚· Mean, Median, and Standard Deviation: These measures will be used to understand the central tendency and variability of responses. ï‚· Frequency and Percentage Distribution: The demographic characteristics of respondents, such as age, gender, educational background, and occupation, will be summarized to present an overall profile of the sample. ï‚· Visualization Techniques: Graphs, pie charts, and bar diagrams will be utilized to represent key findings, facilitating easier interpretation of trends and distributions. This step will provide an initial understanding of the dataset and highlight any underlying patterns in the responses. Inferential Statistics To examine the relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and consumer behavior, inferential statistical techniques will be applied. These methods will allow the study to determine the significance of various CSR activities in shaping brand image and influencing consumer purchase intention. 1. Regression Analysis o Regression analysis will be conducted to evaluate the impact of CSR initiatives on brand image and consumer purchase intention. o The dependent variable (purchase intention or brand perception) will be examined in relation to independent variables such as environmental sustainability initiatives, ethical labor practices, and social responsibility campaigns. o The model's goodness-of-fit will be assessed using R-squared values, and the statistical significance of independent variables will be measured through p values and confidence intervals. 2. Correlation Analysis o This statistical method will be used to examine the strength and direction of relationships between different CSR activities and consumer perceptions. o A Pearson correlation coefficient will be calculated to determine how closely related variables like brand trust, CSR involvement, and purchase intention are. 3. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) o ANOVA will be used to explore how different demographic factors, such as age, income, and education level, influence consumer perception of CSR. o By comparing mean differences across multiple groups, this test will help determine whether CSR’s impact on consumer trust varies significantly across demographic segments. Qualitative Analysis In addition to the quantitative statistical analysis, qualitative insights will be derived from in depth interviews and open-ended survey responses. Thematic analysis will be employed to extract recurring patterns, opinions, and sentiments regarding CSR’s influence on brand perception and purchasing decisions. Thematic Coding and Analysis ï‚· Trust and Authenticity: Identifying recurring themes about how CSR initiatives enhance or diminish consumer trust. ï‚· Social Responsibility: Understanding whether consumers differentiate between genuine CSR efforts and superficial marketing strategies. ï‚· Influence of Digital Media: Analysing responses on the role of social media in shaping CSR-related brand perceptions. The insights from qualitative data will complement the numerical findings, offering a deeper understanding of consumer attitudes and motivations regarding CSR. Suggestions and Findings The findings from both quantitative and qualitative analyses will be contextualized with existing literature and theoretical frameworks. Key results will be interpreted in the context of CSR theories, brand reputation models, and consumer behavior studies. The discussion will focus on: ï‚· The extent to which CSR influences brand trust, reputation, and loyalty in the market. ï‚· How demographic variables shape consumer perceptions of CSR initiatives. ï‚· The role of digital platforms in amplifying CSR activities and their impact on purchasing behavior. ï‚· Strategic recommendations for businesses to leverage CSR for enhanced brand positioning and customer retention. Data Collection Instruments 1. Questionnaire Design A structured questionnaire was designed to capture both quantitative and qualitative responses from participants. The questionnaire includes the following sections: ï‚· Demographic Information: Age, gender, education, occupation, and location. ï‚· CSR Perception: Questions measuring awareness and attitudes toward CSR initiatives. ï‚· Purchase Behavior: Exploring how CSR initiatives impact brand preference and buying decisions. ï‚· Digital Influence: Understanding how social media and digital campaigns shape perceptions of CSR authenticity. The responses collected through this questionnaire will serve as the foundation for the statistical analysis outlined above. 2. Interview Guide To gain a deeper understanding of consumer attitudes, semi-structured interviews were conducted with selected participants. The interview discussions focused on: ï‚· How consumers define an “authentic” CSR initiative. ï‚· The importance of social responsibility in shaping brand trust. ï‚· The role of digital platforms in spreading CSR awareness and influencing consumer Behavior. By combining survey responses with interview insights, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of CSR’s impact on brand image and purchase intention. Data Analysis Techniques 1. Quantitative Data Analysis The survey data will be processed using statistical software such as SPSS or Excel for accurate calculations and meaningful insights. The following analytical techniques will be applied: ï‚· Summary Statistics: Descriptive analysis of respondent demographics and CSR perception scores. ï‚· Correlation and Regression Analysis: Establishing relationships between CSR initiatives and consumer trust, purchase intention, and brand loyalty. ï‚· Factor Analysis: Identifying key CSR attributes that significantly influence consumer decisions. 2. Qualitative Data Analysis Interview responses will be analyzed through content and thematic analysis, involving: ï‚· Coding and Categorization: Identifying key themes related to CSR perceptions. ï‚· Narrative Analysis: Examining direct quotes and case-specific insights to highlight emotional and psychological factors in consumer decisions. Validity and Reliability To ensure the credibility of the research findings, the following steps will be taken: ï‚· Pre-testing: The questionnaire was pre-tested on a small sample to refine clarity and structure. ï‚· Pilot Study: A preliminary study was conducted to validate the research instruments and eliminate biases. ï‚· Internal Consistency: Cronbach’s Alpha will be used to measure the reliability of survey responses. Ethical Considerations The research follows strict ethical guidelines to protect participant rights and ensure integrity in data collection and analysis: 1. Informed Consent o All participants were provided with clear information about the study’s purpose. o They were given the option to withdraw at any stage without any consequences. 2. Confidentiality and Anonymity o Participant responses were anonymized to prevent any disclosure of personal identity. o Data was securely stored and only used for academic research purposes. 3. Minimization of Harm o Participants were not subjected to any physical or psychological distress during data collection. Interpretation of Questionnaire Responses with Data Analysis Techniques To interpret the survey responses effectively, statistical tests such as Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis, and Chi-Square Tests will be used. Below is a breakdown of each question, including the possible insights derived and data visualization (tables and graphs). 1. Age Distribution of Respondents Question: What is your current age? Age Group Number of Respondents (n) 18-25 Percentage (%) 150 50% 26-35 80 26.7% 36-45 50 16.7% 46 and above 20 6.6% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· The majority of respondents belong to the 18-25 age group (50%), followed by 26-35 years (26.7%). ï‚· Since and young Millennials dominate the sample, their opinions on CSR will significantly influence business strategies. 2. Gender Distribution Question: What is your gender? Gender Number of Respondents (n) Male Percentage (%) 170 56.7% Female 120 40% Other 10 3.3% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· Males (56.7%) form the largest portion of the sample, but there is a balanced representation of females (40%). ï‚· The inclusion of different genders ensures a diverse perspective on CSR impact. 3. Education Level of Respondents Question: What is your current education level? Education Level Number of Respondents (n) High School 60 Percentage (%) 20% Undergraduate 120 40% Postgraduate 100 33.3% Other 20 6.7% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· The majority of respondents (40%) are undergraduate students, followed by postgraduates (33.3%). ï‚· Higher education levels indicate that respondents may have greater awareness of CSR initiatives. 4. Occupation Distribution Question: What is your current occupation? Occupation Number of Respondents (n) Student Percentage (%) 120 40% Private Sector Employee 100 33.3% Government Employee 50 16.7% Entrepreneur 30 10% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· Students (40%) and private-sector employees (33.3%) are the dominant respondents. ï‚· Students may be influenced by social media CSR campaigns, whereas employees might prefer CSR policies related to workplace ethics. 5. Monthly Income Distribution Question: What is your income level (Monthly in INR)? Income Range (INR) Number of Respondents (n) Less than 10,000 80 Percentage (%) 26.7% 10,000 - 30,000 100 33.3% 30,001 - 50,000 70 23.3% 50,001 - 1,00,000 50 16.7% Income Range (INR) Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· The majority of respondents (33.3%) earn between ₹10,000-30,000, reflecting a mix of students, young professionals, and entry-level employees. ï‚· CSR affordability perception may be influenced by income levels, affecting the willingness to support CSR brands. 6. Importance of CSR in Brand Reputation Question: How important is CSR in shaping a company's reputation? Response Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) Very Important 180 60% Important 90 30% Neutral 20 6.7% Not Important 10 3.3% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· 90% of respondents consider CSR important or very important for a brand’s reputation. ï‚· Brands investing in CSR initiatives are likely to attract strong consumer trust and loyalty. 7. Most Influential CSR Initiatives on Purchase Decisions Question: What type of CSR initiatives influences your purchase decisions the most? CSR Initiative Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) Environmental Sustainability 120 40% Education & Literacy Programs 80 26.7% Health & Well-being Initiatives 60 20% Rural Development 40 13.3% CSR Initiative Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· 40% of respondents prioritize environmental sustainability as the most influential CSR initiative. ï‚· Businesses focusing on green initiatives, carbon neutrality, and eco-friendly packaging are likely to gain consumer preference. 8. Influence of CSR on Purchase Behaviour Question: Have you ever purchased a product because of a company’s CSR initiatives? Response Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) Yes 200 66.7% Response Number of Respondents (n) Percentage (%) No 100 33.3% Total 300 100% Interpretation: ï‚· 66.7% of respondents have purchased a product because of CSR initiatives, proving a strong correlation between CSR efforts and purchase intention. CONCLUSION 1. The Transformational Role of CSR in Modern Business Practices Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has transcended beyond philanthropy and evolved into a strategic business necessity. As companies operate in an increasingly socially conscious environment, consumer expectations regarding ethical business practices, sustainability, and corporate accountability continue to rise. CSR is no longer viewed as a secondary function but as a core component of business strategy, shaping how brands are perceived and influencing purchasing decisions. Modern consumers, especially those belonging to consumers and Millennials, actively evaluate a company’s commitment to social and environmental causes before making a purchase. This shift underscores the fact that profitability and purpose are not mutually exclusive; rather, they are interdependent forces that drive long-term business success. Companies that authentically integrate CSR into their operations not only contribute to societal well-being but also enhance their brand reputation, consumer trust, and financial performance. 2. CSR and Its Direct Impact on Brand Image One of the most significant findings of this study is that CSR initiatives have a profound influence on brand image. Brands that actively engage in environmental conservation, ethical labor practices, diversity and inclusion, and community development are viewed more favorably by consumers than those that neglect these responsibilities. A strong CSR strategy builds brand trust and credibility, which are critical factors in consumer decision-making. When consumers perceive a brand as socially responsible, they associate it with integrity, transparency, and ethical commitment. This leads to a positive brand image and strengthens the company’s market positioning. Key Takeaways on CSR’s Impact on Brand Image: 1. Consumer Perception of Ethical Companies – Businesses that are perceived as ethically responsible enjoy higher trust levels and a stronger emotional connection with consumers. 2. Long-term Brand Equity – CSR-driven brands develop a sustainable competitive advantage by fostering long-term consumer loyalty. 3. Differentiation in the Market – In a competitive landscape, CSR helps brands stand out by offering consumers a deeper, values-driven reason to choose them over competitors. Companies that incorporate CSR into their corporate identity, advertising, and product development experience stronger brand recall and reputation enhancement. 3. CSR as a Key Driver of Consumer Purchase Intention The influence of CSR on consumer purchase behavior has become increasingly evident. Today’s consumers are highly conscious of the social and environmental impact of their purchasing choices. Many studies, including this research, highlight that consumers are more likely to purchase products from brands that demonstrate a genuine commitment to CSR initiatives. How CSR Influences Purchase Decisions: Ethical Consumerism: Consumers feel a sense of responsibility to support brands that contribute to social causes. Trust and Transparency: A brand’s CSR efforts create trust, leading to a higher likelihood of repeat purchases. Willingness to Pay a Premium: Studies show that consumers are willing to pay more for products from brands that adhere to ethical standards. Brand Advocacy and Word-of-Mouth Marketing: Consumers who believe in a brand’s CSR mission become brand advocates, recommending it to peers.where environmental concerns and socio-economic development are high-priority issues, CSR-driven companies have a greater appeal to consumers. This is especially relevant for industries such as eco-tourism, agriculture, FMCG, and local handicrafts, where responsible business practices can directly impact consumer loyalty and market growth. 4. The Role of Digital Media in Amplifying CSR Impact The rise of social media and digital marketing has amplified the impact of CSR initiatives. Unlike traditional CSR, where companies relied on press releases and corporate reports, modern CSR is interactive, transparent, and community-driven. Companies use platforms like Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and LinkedIn to: ✔ Showcase their CSR projects in real-time. ✔ Engage in two-way conversations with consumers. ✔Receive instant feedback on sustainability efforts. ✔ Collaborate with influencers, activists, and NGOs to expand their social impact. For businesses, digital CSR storytelling can enhance brand visibility, credibility, and consumer trust, particularly among younger audiences who actively follow brands on social media. 5. CSR as a Business Imperative Represents a unique landscape for CSR implementation due to its rich biodiversity, cultural heritage, and economic reliance on tourism, agriculture, and small industries. The research identifies several areas where CSR has a critical role in shaping consumer behaviour: 1. Environmental Conservation ï‚· Businesses operating must adopt sustainable practices to protect the region’s fragile ecosystem. ï‚· Eco-tourism initiatives, waste management, and responsible forestry can enhance brand credibility. 2. Community Welfare and Rural Development ï‚· Investing in education, healthcare, and rural employment enhances consumer trust and goodwill. ï‚· Companies that contribute to local communities are perceived as ethical and responsible brands. 3. Ethical and Sustainable Business Models ï‚· handicraft, agriculture, and organic industries can leverage CSR to promote fair trade and ethical sourcing. ï‚· Ethical businesses attract socially conscious consumers willing to support local and sustainable brands. By integrating CSR into their business models, companies can achieve long-term growth, customer retention, and enhanced brand reputation. 6. Strategic Recommendations for Businesses Based on this research, companies must adopt a structured CSR approach that includes: 1. Transparency and Authenticity in CSR Communication ï‚· Avoid "greenwashing" or superficial CSR claims. ï‚· Provide real, quantifiable impact reports to build consumer trust. 2. Digital-First CSR Strategy ï‚· Leverage social media, content marketing, and influencer collaborations to showcase CSR efforts. ï‚· Use storytelling and consumer engagement to amplify CSR visibility. 3. Consumer-Centric CSR Initiatives ï‚· Align CSR strategies with consumer values and regional socio-economic needs. ï‚· Focus on community development, sustainability, and fair labor practices. 4. Employee Involvement in CSR ï‚· Encouraging employees to participate in CSR programs strengthens internal brand loyalty. ï‚· CSR should be embedded in company culture and decision-making. 5. Collaboration with Local Communities and NGOs ï‚· Form partnerships with local organizations to enhance impact and credibility. ï‚· Companies should invest in grassroots-level CSR efforts for long-term consumer loyalty. Final Thoughts: CSR as a Pathway to Sustainable Growth In conclusion, CSR is not just a moral obligation but a business strategy that delivers long-term benefits to companies, consumers, and society at large. By embracing authentic, meaningful, and well-communicated CSR initiatives, companies can: ✔ Strengthen brand image and reputation. ✔ Build consumer trust and emotional connections. ✔ Enhance market differentiation and competitive edge. ✔ Drive consumer loyalty and long-term financial sustainability. For businesses, integrating CSR into core strategies is essential for sustainable success, community impact, and lasting brand value. As consumer consciousness continues to evolve, CSR will remain a fundamental factor shaping purchasing behaviour and brand perception in the years to come. Findings and Recommendations Findings From the research carried out on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its impact on brand image and consumer purchasing intention, the following key findings have been created: 1. CSR Positively Affects Brand Image •Companies actively engaged in CSR activities such as environmental sustainability, ethical business practices, and social welfare are perceived as being more reliable and accountable. •Stronger reputation and higher consumer loyalty are driven by brands with well-articulated CSR policies. 2. Consumers Prefer Ethical and Sustainable Brands •High demand from consumer and millennials to purchase from ethical and sustainable brands. •CSR activities create an emotional connection between brands and consumers, leading them to purchase repeatedly. 3. CSR Increases Consumer Trust and Purchase Intention •Customers are likely to trust companies more when they see genuine care towards social and environmental causes. •CSR-oriented brands get higher levels of consumer engagement, which also means higher purchasing intent. 4. Online Channels Play a Decisive Part in CSR Perception •Corporate websites, social media, and customer feedback significantly influence the way consumers perceive CSR. •Companies that employ digital marketing platforms to promote their CSR initiatives gain higher visibility and trust. 5. CSR's Effect Varies by Demographics •The younger consumers are very loyal to socially responsible brands. •Product quality and price motivate older consumers (Gen X and Baby Boomers), but even they consider CSR to be an added advantage. 6. Consumers Are Not Sensitive to Cosmetic CSR Initiatives • If CSR initiatives are perceived as insincere or carried out merely for the sake of promotion (greenwashing), they can erode brand trust. • Credibility is essential for CSR reporting in the name of transparency. 7. CSR as a Competitive Advantage: • Local businesses in near by areas embracing CSR branding as their identity, gain a competitive edge, particularly in sectors like tourism, agriculture, and retail. • Consumers prefer brands that contribute to building the community. Recommendations Based on the findings, the following are suggested for policymakers and companies: 1. Improve CSR Communication and Transparency •Verify and be open about CSR activities by disclosing clear information about their projects. •Regular CSR reports, social media updates, and collaborations with NGOs can establish credibility. 2. Align CSR with Consumer Values • Businesses should focus on CSR activities that resonate with their target audience (e.g., eco friendly packaging, green supply chain practices, community building). • Engaging consumers in CSR activities, such as donation initiatives or volunteer programs, can increase consumer loyalty. 3. Leverage Digital and Social Media for CSR Awareness • Actively use social media, blogs, and influencer marketing to raise CSR awareness. • Interactive content like video, live Q&A, and customer testimonials has the potential to create stronger bonds. 4. Avoid Shallow CSR (Greenwashing) • CSR must be effective and meaningful and not merely a marketing tool. • Companies need to create measurable goals and report periodically to escape criticism. 5. Customize CSR Strategies Based on Consumer Segments • For consumers, brands must emphasize sustainability, social justice, and ethical sourcing. • For adult consumers, brands must emphasize CSR initiatives for quality, economic growth, and social service. 6. Involvement with Local Communities: • Brands must involve themselves in community-based CSR initiatives to enhance their reputation. • Initiatives like supporting local artisans, encouraging eco-tourism, and providing education scholarships can create a positive brand reputation. 7. Integrating CSR into Business Operations • Rather than regarding CSR as a separate function, companies need to integrate it into their core business strategies. • Ethical sourcing, fair wages, eco-friendly packaging, and employee health should be adopted as a part of a company's culture. 8. Government and Policy Recommendations • Policymakers may encourage CSR through granting tax incentives to socially responsible companies • There needs to be more stringent regulations that discourage unauthentic CSR declarations and encourage corporate responsibility. ANNEXURE QUESTIONNAIRE Q. What is your current Age? a.18-25 b.26-35 c.36-45 d.46 and above Q. What is your gender? a. Male b. Female c. Other Q. Choose your current Education Level? a. High School b. Undergraduate c. Postgraduate d. Other Q. Mention your current Occupation: a. Student b. Private Sector Employee c. Government Employee d. Entrepreneur Q. What is your Income Level (Monthly in INR): a. Less than 10,000 b. 10,000 - 30,000 c. 30,001 - 50,000 d. 50,001 - 1,00,000 Q. In your opinion, how important is CSR in shaping a company's reputation? a. Very Important b. Important c. Neutral d. Not Important Q. What type of CSR initiatives influences your purchase decisions the most? a. Environmental Sustainability b. Education & Literacy Programs c. Health & Well-being Initiatives d. Rural Development Q. Have you ever purchased a product because of a company’s CSR initiatives? a. Yes b. No Q. Are you aware of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? a. Yes b. No Q. How do you get information about a company’s CSR activities? a. Social Media b. Newspapers/Magazines c. Company Website d. Friends/Word of Mouth Questionnaire Survey on the Influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on Brand Image and Consumer Purchase Intentions Section 1: Demographic Information 1. *Name: (Required) 2. *Age Group: (Required) o Below 18 o 18–25 o 26–35 o 36–45 o 46 and above 3. *Gender: (Required) o Male o Female o Other 4. Education Level: o High School o Undergraduate o Postgraduate o Other (please specify) 5. Occupation: o Student o Private Sector Employee o Government Employee o Entrepreneur o Other (please specify) 6. Monthly Income (INR): o Less than ₹10,000 o ₹10,000 – ₹30,000 o ₹30,001 – ₹50,000 o ₹50,001 – ₹1,00,000 o Above ₹1,00,000 Section 2: Perception and Awareness of CSR 7. *Are you aware of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)? (Required) o Yes o Nos 8. *In your opinion, how important is CSR in shaping a company's reputation? (Required) o Very Important o Important o Neutral o Not Important 9. How do you usually get information about a company's CSR activities? (Select all that apply) o Social Media o Newspapers/Magazines o Company Website o Friends/Word of Mouth o Other (please specify) Section 3: Impact of CSR on Purchase Decisions 10. *Have you ever purchased a product because of a company’s CSR initiatives? (Required) ï‚· Yes ï‚· No 11. *Which type of CSR initiatives influence your purchase decisions the most? (Required) ï‚· Environmental Sustainability ï‚· Education & Literacy Programs ï‚· Health & Well-being Initiatives ï‚· Rural Development ï‚· Other (please specify)

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thesis report

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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One of the main strategies that appears to be successful in population management is the regulation of human fertility. Numerous potential techniques, such as hormonal and pharmacological ones, have been used to cause infertility. The traditional use of medicinal plants and their extracts for a variety of illnesses, including issues connected to fertility, is now well known in society. Herbal antifertility medications, which can impede a woman's natural reproductive process, have gained importance in the context of women's healthcare. Numerous plant extracts with antifertility properties are used in modern research in a variety of methods. Several animal models have been used to investigate the contraceptive potential of various plants. It is discovered that these natural contraceptives are environmentally friendly. Even in rural regions, these herbal contraceptives are inexpensive, readily accessible, and help the environment. Compared to synthetic medications, they have less promise but are more effective. These medications' effects on the reproductive and endocrine systems were investigated. The profiles of plants with antifertility and antiovulatory qualities that were published between 1993 and 2013 are the primary focus of this review. The management of the female reproductive system, the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their effect, the active ingredients, and extraction techniques are also covered here because it is aimed at preventing ovulation. This information will undoubtedly aid in future study and practices.

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Keyword: - Antifertility, antiovulatory, Numerous potential

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Harnessing foot traffic through piezoelectric technology offers a sustainable way to generate renewable energy while reducing dependence on non-renewable resources. This study tested and developed a piezoelectric charging station at the National University of Nazareth School, ensuring constant wattage for accuracy before implementation. Three tests were conducted using piezoelectric technology. Voltage output was analyzed for each piezoelectric buzzer. All sensors operated within expected voltage ranges but varied in responsiveness—some (e.g., Piezo 3, 13) were more sensitive, while others (e.g., Piezo 16) showed minimal response. The study also examined how different step intensities and applied masses affect power output and charging time. Results showed that power output from Prototype 1 ranged from 1.21W (random steps) to 16.31W (heavy steps). Light steps generated as little as 1.54W, while random steps varied between 1.21W and 5.17W A 10,000mAh power bank's charging time was evaluated In terms of power generation, Prototype 2 was superior to Prototype 1, surpassing 7W at 100 kg and increasing with applied mass. Consistent, heavier loads generated more efficient energy than irregular forces. Despite voltage instability and inconsistent energy transfer, findings suggest piezoelectricity has potential for low-power applications like wearables and sensors. Future research should optimize energy storage, circuit design, and voltage regulation. The study supports piezoelectric charging as an eco-friendly renewable energy solution.

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Piezoelectricity, Renewable energy, Eco-friendly power source, Charging Station

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT This chapter reviews the multiple definitions of work–life balance, including definitions focused on the equity of time spent in the work and non-work domains, satisfaction with performance/time spent in each domain, and the salience of each role for an individual. There is a general consensus that a preferred definition should focus on work–life rather than work-family, in order to include non-family responsibilities and demands, such as study or travel commitments. The chapter also discusses the common antecedents and consequences of work–life balance arising from both work and non-work domains. These include work demands and resources, family demands and resources, and personality antecedents including evidence associating psychological capital constructs with work–life balance. Finally, this chapter considers the future directions for work–life balance research, focusing on technological advancements (e.g., Fitbits) and individual levels of mindfulness and resilience. The chapter concludes by noting the increasing evidence linking employee appointments and retention with an organization’s positive work–life balance culture. Key words: Work-life balance, Health, Family, Work-Performance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Resilience means being able to stay strong and keep going when life gets hard. It helps you bounce back after something bad happens, like failing a test, losing a friend, or facing a problem. This study tries to understand how emotional intelligence, resilience, and happiness are connected in teenagers. Teenagers face many changes and challenges in their life. So, it is important to know what helps them stay strong and feel happy. The main aim of this research is to find out if emotional intelligence helps teenagers become more resilient (stronger during hard times), and if that makes them happier. The study helps parents, teachers, and school staff to know how to support teenagers better. The study includes 135 teenagers between 13 and 19 years old, from different schools. A simple questionnaire was shared online using Google Forms. The form had 15 questions that asked about their emotions, how they handle stress, and how happy they feel. The students answered using a 5-point scale, where they chose how much they agreed or disagreed with each statement. Key Variables: Resilience, Emotional Intelligence, Happiness

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Resilience, Emotional Intelligence, Happiness, teenagers, mental health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Chronic pain is treated as a biomedical, local condition; however, its chronic impact on the physical body, psychological well-being, and social functioning is similar to many aspects that define biological and psychological aging. This qualitative meta-synthesis addresses the relationship between chronic pain and subjective experience of accelerated aging from a biopsychosocial model of biological decline, cognitive impairment, psychiatric comorbidity, and social isolation. Guided by over 370 peer-reviewed publications—variously comprising qualitative reports, systematic reviews, neuroimaging, and statistical analysis—the question synthesizes evidence from varied populations within varied life stages, such as children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adolescents with fibromyalgia, adults with back pain and endometriosis, and older adults with osteoarthritis and neuropathy. The study uses mixed-methods involving thematic meta-ethnography and mixed-method triangulation, using chi-square tests to validate associations among cognitive decline, psychiatric illness, and chronic pain. Findings reveal statistically significant correlations among the variables (p <.01), further endorsed by qualitative accounts of fatigue, emotional numbing, memory loss, and social withdrawal. The characteristics are predictive of accelerated aging. Concepts like "biological weathering," "neural wear-and-tear," and "social obsolescence" are recognized as the core themes. The study defies current models of aging as a chronologically linear process, instead advocating for a model of pain-linked aging that begins in early adulthood and is moderated by processes of trauma, inflammation, stigma, and systemic disadvantage. With the marginalization of excluded groups within existing literature, the study also shows the imperative need for intersectional, inclusive, and interdisciplinary research methods to chronic pain studies. It makes a theoretical contribution to chronic pain studies, explores treatment recommendations, and a critical examination of the processes by which pain is legitimated—or dislegitimated—within medical and social structures. The results call for a reconceptualization of chronic pain not just as a symptom, but as an accumulation, aging-like process that demands long-term, holistic treatment.

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qualitative meta-synthesis, chronic pain, accelerated aging, neurocognitive decline, neuroscience, inflammation, neurochemicals, psychiatric comorbidities, psychosocial issues

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This study explores the relationship between a growth mindset and the academic achievements of college students. It is out to find out how the adoption of the growth mindset can lead to learning and problem-solving skills improvement compared to the fixed mindset and to discover the ways to nurture a growth mindset. The study also predicts a substantial positive relationship between the growth mindset and academic achievement, where growth mindset students not only have greater chances for learning but also are resilient. The researchers included both quantitative (surveys, statistical analysis) and qualitative (interviews, focus groups) methods in a mixed approach. Their initial data collection was carried out through the administration of 117 online questionnaires among undergraduate students in India, most of who were from the Bangalore region. The acquisition of the sample was done by stratified random sampling that guaranteed wide-ranging academic disciplines. For the growth mindset variable, investigators administered Dweck’s scale, while GPA and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were the instruments they used to test academic performance and resilience, respectively. To process the gathered data, software tools such as MS Excel and SPSS were employed, while statistical methods (e.g. correlation, regression) ensured proper analysis of mean and standard deviation. The results are believed to provide factual evidence of how profoundly mindset can influence academic success and the ability to solve problems. The study underlines the indispensable requirement for targeted interventions that would help to shape the growth mindsets, thus providing amazing backdrop for the improvement in terms of the educational performance of the college students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mind-set, Academic Achievement, Growth, Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Burnout levels among the nurses, is an alarming occupational issue with a far-reaching consequence for the individual well-being, patient care, and efficiency of the institution. This study also explores the prevalence and contributing factors of the burnout level among the nurses in Coimbatore. The focus is on the emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and the decreased personal accomplishment. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) this research identifies various levels of the burnout, especially in the government hospitals, due to increased patient flow, shortage of the staff, and poor psychological support. The study further examines about the impact of counselling interventions such as awareness sessions and peer support groups on mitigating the burnout level symptoms. The findings obtained indicates that the structured counselling programs can significantly reduce the emotional exhaustion and improve satisfaction in working atmosphere. However, the implementation includes many challenges, including stigma and time constraints, which hinders the widespread adoption. This research also highlights the urgent need for the hospitals and policymakers to integrate a well-developed mental health initiative to foster a better sustainable and supportive work environment for the nurses.

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Burnout, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Nurses, Coimbatore Hospitals, Counselling Interventions, Awareness Session, Peer Support, Mental Health Policies

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This research provides an important addition to our knowledge on how social media can influence concerns about long-term commitment by conceptualizing and verifying a new tool—the Social Media Gamophobia Scale (SMGS). The investigation started with a 16-item survey to grasp the subtleties of social media-generated commitment anxiety. These stimuli were designed with care to tap into various aspects of the phenomenon: one group targeted the anxiety induced by exposure to social media (for example, looking at idealized or cautionary relationship statuses), another the avoidance tendencies entailed by fear of a long-term commitment, and a third, but weaker, aspect, involved social-validation cues' impact.

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The Impact of Social Media on Gamophobia Among the Male and Female Population in Bengaluru

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The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems represents a pivotal advancement in enterprise technology, enabling organizations to transition from reactive to proactive decision-making. This study investigates the intersection of AI and ERP, focusing on how AI technologies can enhance forecasting accuracy, operational efficiency, and regulatory compliance across multiple industries. The primary objective is to evaluate the implementation strategies and business impacts of AI-driven ERP systems, with a particular focus on tax-related processes and mid-sized enterprises, where resource limitations often hinder digital transformation. To achieve this, a mixed-methods research design was employed. The quantitative phase involved statistical analysis of performance metrics gathered from 150 organizations, including ERP adaptability scores, tax compliance reporting times, and forecasting accuracy. Tools such as ANOVA, correlation analysis, and Random Forest regression were used to assess the influence of AI technologies—machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and robotic process automation (RPA)—on ERP performance. The qualitative phase incorporated in-depth interviews with PwC tax professionals to gain contextual insights into implementation challenges, technology preferences, and organizational readiness. Key findings from the quantitative analysis reveal that AI-integrated ERP systems significantly outperform traditional systems, with improvements including a 27.6% increase in compliance speed, 20.5% improvement in forecasting accuracy, and 151% reduction in manual data entry tasks. The Random Forest model identified "Improvement Value" and "ROI Timeframe" as the most influential predictors of time-to-benefit post-AI integration, while integration method and organization size had minimal predictive influence. Qualitative insights highlighted that while automation and forecasting were top-rated benefits, challenges such as data quality, technical expertise, and organizational resistance persist. Professionals emphasized the need for explainable AI, better integration with legacy systems, and more intuitive user interfaces for non-technical stakeholders. Based on these findings, the research proposes a phased AI adoption framework tailored for resource-constrained environments. This includes establishing robust data governance practices, cross-functional implementation teams, and comprehensive employee training programs. The framework aims to accelerate ROI, reduce disruption during integration, and ensure long-term sustainability of AI-enhanced ERP systems. In conclusion, this study contributes both theoretically and practically to the evolving discourse on digital transformation. Theoretically, it extends frameworks such as the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Dynamic Capabilities Theory, and Socio-Technical Systems Theory in the context of AI-ERP convergence. Practically, it delivers an actionable roadmap for organizations seeking to leverage AI for enhanced ERP performance, particularly in domains like tax compliance where complexity and regulatory demands are high.

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AI-ERP Integration, Predictive Analytics, Tax Technology, ROI, RPA, NLP, Machine Learning, Organizational Readiness, Implementation Strategy, Data Governance

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The growing implementation of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) systems for distributed generation has underscored the need for optimizing the efficiency, reliability, and performance of photovoltaic (PV) converters, which are pivotal in converting DC power from solar panels into AC power for grid integration. However, existing converter topologies present several challenges, necessitating advancements in research and development to address these limitations effectively. This paper explores the design and modeling of DC-DC converters, with a specific focus on the boost converter topology, which plays a critical role in amplifying voltage gain from small photovoltaic cells. The study investigates the application of state-space averaging methods for modeling and analyzing the stability of boost converters under various operating conditions, including load variations. The performance of these converters is evaluated through simulations using MATLAB, highlighting their transient and closed-loop responses under load disturbances. Additionally, the paper delves into the modeling of a quasi-impedance source inverter (QZSI) for distributed generation systems. The QZSI offers distinct advantages, including voltage buck-boost functionality and improved power flow control through a single-stage conversion process. The inverter's impedance network, control strategies, and grid interaction dynamics are meticulously modeled to assess its efficiency, grid synchronization, and fault tolerance. The proposed system model integrates a PV-based grid system utilizing Zero Voltage Switching Inverter technology, aiming to enhance the efficiency and reliability of solar power generation while maintaining high power quality and minimal disturbances. The system features a robust protection mechanism, ensuring safe and stable operation in a variety of grid conditions, offering a promising solution for sustainable and resilient energy systems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Boost converter, Distributed generation, Grid synchronization, Impedance network, Power flow control, PV-based grid system, Quasi-impedance source inverter, Zero Voltage Switching Inverter

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Emotional Intelligence (EI), Cognitive Flexibility (CF), and Group Cohesion (GC) are crucial psychological constructs that influence decision-making, adaptability, and social interactions. This study aims to examine the relationship between these variables among young adults. While extensive research has explored these concepts individually, their interrelation remains an area of interest, particularly in evolving social and organizational contexts. A total of 214 participants (balanced across gender) aged 20-26 years were selected through convenience sampling. A quantitative approach with a correlational design was used to analyze the relationships among EI, CF, and GC. The findings indicate no significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Flexibility, nor between Emotional Intelligence and Group Cohesion. Similarly, no significant relationship was observed between Cognitive Flexibility and Group Cohesion. However, a significant relationship was found between Cognitive Flexibility and Age, suggesting that cognitive adaptability declines with age. These findings provide insights into the complexities of these psychological traits and their implications for social and professional development. Future research should explore potential moderating factors and longitudinal effects to better understand these associations. Keywords: Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Flexibility, Group Cohesion

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Emotional Intelligence, Cognitive Flexibility, Group Cohesion

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This study explores the Impact of campus culture to student well-being in Chinese secondary vocational schools, aiming to develop an effective management model to enhance student well-being. Using qualitative research methods, including interviews with students, teachers, and administrators, the study identifies key elements of campus culture—such as supportive environments, community engagement, and practical curricula—that significantly influence students' psychological, emotional, and social well-being. Findings suggest that a positive campus culture fosters a sense of belonging, reduces stress, and enhances students’ overall satisfaction and mental health. Furthermore, this research proposes a management model that integrates leadership strategies, resource allocation, and communication processes to optimize campus culture and, in turn, student well-being. The model emphasizes the importance of inclusive decision-making, mental health support, and fostering a cohesive community to promote long-term improvements in educational environments.

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Keywords: Campus Culture, Student Well-Being, Secondary Vocational Schools, Management Model, Educational Leadership, Qualitative Research

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This study assessed teachers’ mental health and quality of life at National University Manila in the post-pandemic era. It aimed to determine their mental health status in terms of depression, anxiety, and stress, their perceived quality of life across the physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains, and the relationship between mental health and quality of life. Additionally, the study sought to develop an intervention program to enhance teachers' well-being. Using a mixed-methods – descriptive-correlational research design and purposive sampling, data were collected from 60 teachers through standardized questionnaires (DASS-21 and WHOQOL-BREF) and structured interviews. Results revealed that most teachers had normal mental health, with 41 reporting normal levels of depression, 35 normal levels of anxiety, and 53 normal levels of stress. Teachers were generally satisfied with their quality of life, with a mean score of 4.13, leaning towards satisfaction, especially in the social domain (xÌ„ = 73.55), followed by the physical (xÌ„ = 71.38) and psychological domains (xÌ„ = 10 71.38). The environmental domain received the lowest satisfaction score (xÌ„ = 68.68). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.691) was found between mental health and quality of life, with depression significantly predicting a lower quality of life. At the same time, anxiety and stress did not have a significant impact. Specifically, higher levels of depression were associated with a decline in the overall quality of life. The structured interviews highlighted several institutional challenges, including excessive workloads, student behavior, fatigue, and financial issues. Teachers recommended improved workload management, mental health services, and compensation to enhance their well-being. Existing wellness programs and supportive environments were beneficial, but further interventions are needed to promote better mental health and work-life balance. This study emphasizes the importance of institutional support in promoting teachers' mental health and quality of life in the post-pandemic context.

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post-pandemic, mental health, quality of life, teachers, depression, anxiety, stress, intervention programs, National University Manila

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This paper studies the experience of history teachers in developing teaching models on online education platforms and discusses how to optimize online history teaching by using TPACK theory (technical knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and content knowledge) in the post-pandemic era. Based on interviews with history teachers in Xuzhou Higher Vocational School of Economy and Trade in Jiangsu Province, this paper analyzes their specific practices and challenges in the selection of technology application, teaching strategy and teaching content. The research results show that history teachers have significantly improved the effectiveness of online history teaching and students' learning experience through the application of multimedia resources and interactive tools, data-driven personalized teaching, flexible and diverse teaching strategies, and the solution of technical problems. Finally, this paper provides valuable experience summary and analysis suggestions for the development and optimization of online history teaching model in the future.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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History online education, TPACK theory, multimedia resources, teaching strategies, Personalized teaching, technical challenges, teaching model.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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ABSTRACT Deep excavation of unsuitable soil in road construction have resulted in escalation of the cost of soil exchange and total project sum of construction, one of the possible ways of cost reduction is to stabilized the existing subgrade material (sandy silty-clay) by using the mixture of terrasil, zycond and water. This research is therefore aimed at determining the soil stabilization using terrasil and zycobond on Ijikoyejo street road, Surulere, Lagos State, Nigeria. Three samples were collected at Ch.0+100, Ch.0+300 and Ch.0+550 making the total of nine (9) soil samples along Ijikoyejo street road. The total length of the entire road is 675 meters, Classification test was conducted on each sample, test include grain size analysis and consistency limits (Atterberg). The sample with the highest plasticity index (PI) out of the three samples from each location was selected for further laboratory testing. Compaction test and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test were conducted on each selected sample without stabilization and also on stabilized samples with different mix proportion of terrasil, zycobond and water respectively at different ratio such as 1:2:200, 1:2:150, 1:2:100 and 1:2:50 to determine the engineering properties of the soil. The results of the analysis show that the soil samples with additive improved the Engineering properties of the soil compared to the soil without additive, the higher the concentration of the additive the better the results obtained. Investigation reveal that the mixture of the proportions to sandy silty-clay showed significant improvement on the compaction and CBR values of soil. Therefore, this research provides a sound platform for the use of terrasil and zycobond as auxiliary additives and reveal their full potentials in soil stabilization. Key words: Stabilization, Terrasil, Zycobond.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusion of learners with visual impairment in regular classes has brought different perceptions to the different stakeholders. In the Philippines, many schools whether private or public are now practicing Inclusive Education because it is what the law mandates. Teachers, school administrators and parents are obliged to follow this education, and it brings so many challenges in terms of how to handle them, what strategy will get to work to LVI for the attainment desirable growth and development. For this purpose, this study examined the teachers’ experiences in handling Learners with Visual impairments leading to its main output of producing a proposed intervention program. With this, a qualitative research design was utilized to investigate the experiences of the participants regarding their challenges in handling learners with visual impairment who are integrated in the regular classes. The researcher used a semi-structured interview and focused group discussion to gather data. Then, the data were analyzed thematically which were preset in relation to research questions. The researcher found out that the teachers’ challenges in handling LVI are instructional resources, unmotivated students, limited teaching strategies, unsuitable activities for LVI and the lack of knowledge and trainings of teachers in Science, Mathematics, MAPEH and TLE. Also, they have mixed feelings of empathy, concern, worries, happiness, and unhappiness and feeling of surprise for having LVI in their classes and at the same time they are saying that the presence of LVI in their class is a source of inspiration and motivation that personally affected them positively. Seemingly, their philosophy and commitment to oath led the teachers to the desire to handle learners with visual impairments.

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inclusive education, learners with visual impairment, special needs education, UNICEF

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RESEARCH ABSTRACT NAME: MRS AGNES ARUN SWAMY GUIDE: DR SHAKUNTALA PRABHU SUBJECT: Thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Nursing). From S.N.D.T. Women’s University Mumbai, in January 2017. KEY WORDS: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, ventilator, intubation, arterial blood gas analysis. 1. Introduction: When children are sick & hospitalized, they are treated by using various types of equipment's including mechanical ventilators, especially when they are admitted in the intensive care unit. 2. Need of the study:-According to Fenstermacher D & Hong D (2004) it was reported that critical care nurse did not receive any formal education on its uses. The need was felt to develop & validate the protocol for the care of children on ventilator in the pediatric intensive care unit. 3. Statement of the problem: To Develop & assess the effectiveness of the standard operating protocol on the knowledge & practices of the nurses regarding care of children on mechanical ventilator in the paediatric intensive care unit at selected hospitals. 4. Objectives of the study: Phase - I 1. To evaluate existing protocol in hospitals. 2. To evaluate existing practices. 3. To develop and validate protocol. Phase - II 4. To assess the knowledge of the nurses, regarding care of children on ventilator before & after the administration of nursing protocol in the experimental and control group. 5. To evaluate the practices of the nurses regarding care of children on ventilator before and after the administration of nursing protocol in the experimental and control group. 6. To assess the usefulness of the protocol ( with the help of semi structure opinionairre) 7. To correlate the knowledge & practices of nurses regarding care of children on ventilator among the experimental & control group. 8. To compare the knowledge & practice scores with selected demographic variables (age, years of experience educational qualification and gender.) in the experimental and control group. iv 5.1 Research Approach & Design: The design used for this study was Quasi-Experimental non-randomised control group design. The target population were the nurses working in the paediatric intensive care unit. It consisted of 80 nurses 40 in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the nurses. 5.2 Inclusion criteria: All nurses working in PICU. Children admitted in PICU & on ventilator. Exclusion criteria: Head nurse not involved in direct care. 5.3 Tool and technique: A structured questionnaire, observation checklist and inventory checklist were used as a tool to assess the knowledge and practices of the nurses Standard Operating Protocols to care the children on ventilator. Validity and Reliability: the validity was done by experts Reliability was calculated using Cronback alpha formula the ‘r’ value was 0.80 of questionnaire and Inter-rater for observation checklist and inventory checklist values ranged between 0.80 to 0.92. 5.4 Data Gathering Process: The data gathering process commenced on 18th November 2014 and ended on 30th December 2015 the investigator visited the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. 5.5 Analysis of demographic data of the nurses: 75% (30) of nurses from the experimental group and 72.5% (29) from the control group were in the age group of 21 – 25years. Gender wise distribution of nurses was 90% (36) nurses were females, and only 10% (four) were male in the experimental group. And in the control group 87.75% (35) nurses were female and 12.5% (five) nurses were male. Majority 47.5% (19) nurses had an experience of one to 3 years in the experimental group and 40% (16) in the control group. The experimental group had diploma in nursing (62.5%) (25) And Basic B.Sc Nursing was 37.5% (15). in the control group nurses qualified with Basic B.Sc Nursing 62.5% (25) and nurses with diploma was 37.5% (15). 5.6 Analysis of knowledge:- 5.6.1 Overall knowledge: - The knowledge score of nurses in the experimental and control group was from poor to good in the pre-test and post-test. In the experimental group in pre-test, it was found that 30 (75%) of the nurses had an average knowledge, in post-test 31 (77.5%) nurses had good knowledge and nine (22%) nurses had average knowledge scores. In the control group in pre-test, it was found that 28 (70%) nurses had an average knowledge seven (17.5%) nurses had poor knowledge and only five (12.5%) had good knowledge. Therefore the improvement of knowledge in the experimental group may be attributed to the v implementation of the Standard Operating Protocol. In the experimental group the mean knowledge scores of the nurses before and after implementation of the SOP was significant at 0.05 level (Z=5.43 & p = <0.0001). 5.7 Analysis of Observed practices:- 5.7.1 Over all observed practice scores: It was found that overall observed practice score varied from poor to good. The pre-test observed practice scores of nurses in the experimental group was average whereas after the administration of the standard operating protocol the post-test scores improved in the post-test I (day 7), and was sustained in post-test II & III . The pre-test observed practice scores of nurses in the control group was average and in the post-test remained average. In the experimental group the mean post-test practice scores of nurses observed after the implementation of SOP was significant at 0.01 level of significance. Whereas in the control group the post-test practice scores of nurses observed remained same. 5.8 Analysis of self-reported practices: 5.8.1 Overall reported practice scores: It was found that the overall reported practice in the experimental group 60% in the pre-test. And in the post-test all the 100% nurses had good self-reported practice score. Where as in control group in pre-test 15% nurses had average self-reported practices and 85% nurses had good self-reported practices. And in post-test 12.5% nurses were with average self- reported practice score and 87.5% were with good self-reported practices. The mean self-reported practice score of nurses before and after the implementation of nursing protocol was significant at 0.01 level research hypothesis was accepted. 6. Correlation between the knowledge and practices of the nurses regarding care of children on ventilator: The pre-test findings revealed in the experimental group there was negative correlation between the knowledge & overall practices as ‘r’ was -0.16. In the control group there was negative correlation between knowledge & overall practices. The Post-test findings revealed in the experimental group there was very low correlation between the knowledge and overall practices as ‘r’ is 0.26. 7. Analysis of opinionarrie regarding nursing protocol on care of children on ventilator: The opinion of the nurses regarding nursing protocol on care of children on ventilator was that 100% samples felt that the nursing protocol was useful to them. 8. CONCLUSION: - This study was done to assess the effect of standard operating protocols knowledge & practices of the nurses while caring the children on ventilator. The researcher was able to achieve all the objectives of the study.

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Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, ventilator, intubation, arterial blood gas analysis.

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The application of computational methods in the development of antineoplastic drugs represents a significant advancement in oncology, offering a robust approach to accelerate drug discovery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Computational techniques such as molecular modeling, virtual screening, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis are pivotal in identifying potential anticancer agents with enhanced precision and efficiency. These methods allow for the simulation of drug interactions at the molecular level, providing insights into binding affinities and mechanisms of action that are crucial for optimizing drug design. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations facilitate the prediction of how small molecules interact with cancer-related targets, thereby streamlining the identification of promising drug candidates. Virtual screening, leveraging large chemical libraries, expedites the process of pinpointing compounds with desirable biological activities. QSAR models, on the other hand, enable the correlation of chemical structure with biological activity, guiding the rational modification of lead compounds to enhance efficacy and reduce toxicity. Furthermore, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as revolutionary tools in this field, providing data-driven approaches to predicting drug behaviour and discovering new drugs if targeted these technologies use big data to uncover patterns and develop predictive models to refine the product development pipeline. The incorporation of computational methods into anticancer drugs not only accelerates the process but also improves the accuracy of drug design, ultimately leading to effective and safe cancer treatment this interdisciplinary approach promises to revolutionize cancer, providing a foundation for the next generation of anti-cancer agents.

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Antineoplastic, Oncology, QSAR, Anticancer, Artificial Intelligence

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Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common spinal degenerative disorders which lead to low back pain (LBP) and radicular leg pain.(Yang H et al. 2015) Lumbar disc prolapse is a Disease most common between 30 and 50 years of age, with a male preponderance, as well as an association with repeated mechanical forces and smoking. It may occur at any level, but 95% occur at L4/5 or L5/Therefore, the present study will be done to find the level of Association of disability in PIVD and NON-PIVD subjects in the Indian population. This was a cross sectional study conducted on 300 subjects (150 PIVD/150 Non-PIVD) 25-50 years Old. The sociodemographic data was taken and disability was measured by LBPD Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire. The disability means (SD) value of PIVD Subjects was 23.93(6.01) and without PIVD 7.61(4.04) on OLBPDQ scale. That shows the Level of disability was more within the PIVD subjects and the p-value is <0.001*. We also Compared the each component of the OLBPDQ between the PIVD and non-PIVD groups. Components 1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 represent subjective pain intensity, personal care, Lifting, walking, sitting, standing, sleeping, social life, travelling and work, respectively. All Components 1, 2, 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 and 10 were found to have statistically significant difference at p<0.05.On the basis of all 10 components of OLBPDQ we can said that PIVD is affect every Aspect of human life. Oswestry Low Back Disability Index (OLBDI) results in PIVD subjects Clear an increased risk of physical disability, thereby exposing subjects with PIVD to several Other consequences of disability. Therefore, the complete physical health assessment and Treatment for subjects with PIVD should be considered and they should receive proper Guidance. Recent Findings There are a myriad of novel etiologies of LDH detailed in recent Literature including inflammatory factors and infectious microbes. In the clinical setting, Recent data focuses on improvements in computer tomography as a diagnostic tool and nontraditional injection options including tumor necrosis alpha inhibitors and platelet-rich Plasma. Operative treatment outcomes have focused on minimally in- vasive endoscopic Approaches and demonstrated robust 5-year post-operative outcomes. Summary Advances in the molecular etiology of LDH will continue to drive novel treatment Options. The role of endo- scopic treatment for LDH will continue to evolve. Further research Into10-year outcomes will be necessary as this surgical approach continues to gain Widespread popularity.

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"MANAGEMENT OF PROLAPSED INTERVERTEBRAL DISC IN LUMBER REGION WHICH CAUSES BACK PAIN AND EVEN DISABILITY"

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The study conducted on “To Assess the Impact of Muscle Growth of Young Males Performing Structured and Unstructured Training ”. The aim of the study is to find out the effect of structured and unstructured workout program towards muscle growth. The study include 20 young males age group of 18-24 , which are divided into two groups, group 1 who performed structured workouts(Optimal training) and group 2 who performed unstructured workouts(Inapt training). The study states that group 1 who performed structured workouts seen significant increase in muscle growth compare to group 2 who performed unstructured workouts, and the assessment is done by Anthropometric test , which include weight, mid upper arm circumference , thigh circumference, chest circumference

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Muscle growth, Structured training ,Unstructured training , Anthropometric test ,Optimal training, Inapt training, Arm circumference

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Flexible pavement is a widely used type of road construction that offers several advantages over other pavement types. Pavements are required for the smooth, safe and systematic passage of traffic. Pavements are generally classified as flexible and rigid pavements. Flexible pavements are those which have low flexural strength and are flexible in their structural action under loads. Rigid pavements are those which possess noteworthy flexural strength and flexural rigidity. The profound development in the automobile technology has resulted heavy moving loads on the existing highways for optimization of the transport cost. The existing roads which are designed based on the thumb rules are not able to cater to the heavy wheel loads resulting in the deterioration of the existing roads. In the project report, an attempt is made to design a road, based on the principles of pavement design. On the existing alignment of the road, soil samples are collected for the determination of soil characteristics like consistency limits, sieve analysis, C.B.R. values etc.., Based on this the thickness of the pavement (flexible) is designed. The alignment of the road is also designed and fixed by surveying and leveling. The total road length being 497 meters of which, one section is 247m, other is 200m and the third section is 50m.

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Design Of A Flexible

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Structural Engineers greatest challenge in today’s scenario is constructing seismic resistant structure. The challenge further increases due to increased eye pleasing high rise structures with architectural problems. These architecturally pleasing structures with shape irregularity, when subjected to devastating earthquake are a matter of concern. The behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry, in addition to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground. ABC Engineering college building is used for the case study. A detailed study of this building for gravity loads and earthquake loads are analyzed and results like shear, moment carrying capacity and reinforcements required are compared. For the gravity load case a suitable method of retrofitting is recommended if it is below performance level. With better understanding of seismic demand on structures and with our recent experiences with large earthquakes near urban centers, the need of seismic retrofitting is well acknowledged.

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Structural Engineers greatest challenge in today’s scenario is constructing seismic resistant structure

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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High-immersion virtual reality (VR) technology, commonly linked to gaming, is gaining popularity in educational settings. Recognized for its potential to engage and motivate learners, the acceptance or resistance toward VR warrants exploration before its integration into classrooms. This study presents findings from a focussed survey conducted with 20 teachers, investigating their attitudes towards VR utilization in education. The study explores the connections between teachers' levels of VR integration, instructional methodologies, and the frequency of VR usage. Additionally, the survey examines the association between the availability of information technology (IT) personnel and the frequency of VR application. In summary, the teachers at Indus International School generally expressed moderately positive perceptions of using VR in education. Although no robust correlation emerged between instructional approaches and the level of VR integration, lower levels of VR integration were linked to more traditional teaching methods. The results disclosed a positive correlation between the degree of VR integration and the frequency of VR use, with VR frequency exhibiting a weak correlation with the availability of IT personnel. 

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VR, Teacher perception, Education

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Investment is the surest way to enhance agriculture productivity and also income to the farmers, besides breaking the vicious cycle of rural indebtedness. In order to ensure that the farmers do not fall again in to the debt trap, a new scheme called “agriculture Investment Support Scheme” (Rythu Bandhu) introduced to take care of initial investment needs of every farmer. It is the first ever farmer investment support scheme in India. In this regard, this paper deals with the agriculture investment support scheme with special reference to rythu bandhu. This study has been carried to find out the importance of agriculture investment support scheme through rythu bandhu in the process of development in rural areas.

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Financial assistance, Crop investment, Income support, Agricultural productivity.

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This research study aims to assess the knowledge level of farmers in Avinasi Taluk regarding the "Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana" (National Agriculture Development Scheme). The Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana is a critical initiative by the government to promote agricultural development and enhance the livelihoods of farmers. This study will investigate the awareness, understanding, and utilization of the scheme among farmers in Avinasi Taluk, shedding light on the effectiveness of the scheme in disseminating agricultural knowledge and benefits at the grassroots level. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge level of farmers regarding the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana in Avinasi Taluk. The findings are expected to contribute valuable insights into the effectiveness of the scheme in reaching and benefitting farmers at the grassroots level. The outcomes of this study can inform policymakers, agricultural extension services, and development agencies about areas of improvement and strategies to enhance the awareness and utilization of agricultural development schemes among farmers.

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Keywords: Beneficiaries, Direct cash transfer, Socio-economic impact.

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ABSTRACT STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM “A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program regarding influence of Mass media on adolescence behavior among their parents in selected rural areas at Kolar”. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY • To assess the existing level of knowledge regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior among their parents. • To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching program regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior among their parents. • To compare pre and post-test knowledge regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior among their parents. • To associate the post-testknowledge regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior among their parents with their selected demographic variables. METHODS An evaluatory approach was adopted for the study. The research design is Pre- experimental (one group pre-test and post-test) design was used for the study. The sample of 60 parents from Vokkaleri, Kolar district was selected by using the convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by structured interview schedule. Before and after implementation of the Structured Teaching Programme, data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics on the basis of objectives and hypothesis of the study. RESULTS In the present study 100% of parents had inadequate knowledge before the implementation of Structured Teaching Programme. But after the implementation of Structured Teaching Programme, 38 (63.33%) parents had adequate knowledge and 22 (36.67%)hadmoderately adequate knowledge and none of the parents had inadequate knowledge. The mean post-test percentage of all components are higher than the mean pre-test percentage scores which are significant at P<0.001. The overall pre-test and post-test knowledge scores were statistically significant at 0.001 level (‘t’cal=35.18, ‘t’tab=1.67, P<0.001). Hence the hypothesis H1 is accepted. This indicates that the Structured Teaching Programme regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior was effective. There was no significant association between post test scores with their selected demographic variables of parents such as informant, age, religion, education, type of family, occupation, income, number of adolescent children, birth spacing among children and the source of information received. Thus hypothesis H2 is rejected. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION The overall findings depict that Structured Teaching Programme was effective to increase knowledge level among the parents regarding influence of mass media on adolescence behavior in selected rural areas at Kolar district. Parents knowledge level improved after implementation of the Structured Teaching Programme, similar study can be replicated in large samples with various settings.

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ASSESS,EFFECTIVENESS, STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAM,MASS MEDIA,ADOLSCENCE,BEHAVIOR

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Now a days multi morbidity is major health issue, in this one patient is suffered from one or more chronic diseases. Progression of these conditions leads to decrease work efficiency of body part or mortality can occur and complexations found. Chronic diseases continue in body for 3 months to one year. Fourteen million peoples suffering from chronic diseases and in India 24.1 % people having multi -morbidity. Aim of present study is to quality of life should be improved along with reducing diseased condition. In case of multi morbidity, patients must take separate medication for every disease and the drug-drug interaction can leads to profoundly serious side effects. Hence there was need for preparation of herbal formulation as a one solution to multiple diseases, which will reduce side effects and comparatively much safer that modern synthetic drugs. As type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis which comes under autoimmune diseases. Hence formulation screened for anti- diabetic and anti-rheumatism effect. Hugonia mystax L.and Blumea lacera ethanolic extracts were used in 1:1 proportion and found safer inn acute oral toxicity studies. For diabetes alloxan monohydrate induced was used as it generated type 1 diabetes. Anti-rheumatoid effect carrageenan induced paw oedema, formalin induced paw oedema, antigen induced arthritis these models were used, respectively. The lipid profile, blood sugar level and HbA1c found significantly reduce in polyherbal formulation treatment groups while in induction group found significantly higher. In antigen induced arthritis ESR, paw volume, inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, NFkB, C -reactive protein, serum Tnf Alpha, arthritic index, MPO activity, were assessed and all these parameters found significantly reduced in polyherbal formulation treated group than in induction group, histopathological evaluation of knee joint revealed that no cartilage loss. From this we can conclude that prepared polyherbal formulation found effective against these two chronic diseases. as both plants holds various phytoconstituents like saponin, steroids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenolic acids, coumarin etc. have their effect and gave the results which helped in relieving the conditions and found effective. Furthermore, it can be evaluated for other diseases also.

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multi morbidity, chronic diseases, autoimmune, anti-obesity, Hugonia mystax, blumea lacera.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Children are the building blocks of any nation. The health of such children is most vital. As a corrective action to many serious illnesses, venipuncture procedure is implicated as one important step. To administer such a crucial and more painful step with lesser pain distracting the kids is needed. There are many forms of distraction, but the investigator choses cartoon animation show because of the age group of the test subjects, which is preschoolers. The main objectives of this study were as follows; To assess the effectiveness of cartoon animation show, during venipuncture in reducing pain among preschoolers by comparing the pain scores among experimental and control group. To find association between the level of pain among preschoolers during venipuncture in experimental and control group with their selected demographic variables. Methods The research approach quantitative evaluative approach in nature and the research design used quasi-experimental post-test only design. Also, the samples were collected by purposive sampling technique with the sample size of 60 (30-experimental, 30-control) who are fulfilling the inclusive criteria were selected. Measurement of pain experienced by the preschoolers was assessed with the help of FLACC scale (face, legs, activity, consolability, cry). Result In the experimental group, the post test of mean pain score was 6.8 with SD 4.7 and in control group the post test of mean pain score was 8.19 and SD 5.13. The mean difference score was 1.39. The calculated 't' value of 8.76* was statistically significant at P<0.05 level indicating that there was significant difference in the post test level of pain between the experimental and control group. In addition, some demographic variables shown significant association with the pain score. Conclusion Thus, this study reveals that cartoon animation was responsive in reducing the venipuncture pain among preschoolers.

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Quasi experimental study, Pain, Cartoon animation show, Pain among preschoolers, Venipuncture, Hospital at Valsad District Gujarat, Venipuncture during Pain

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Floating matrix tablets containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method using variable concentration of different grade of polymer as a viscosity enhancing agent and sodium bicarbonate as gas generating agent. The physicochemical properties and release characteristics of the developed formulations were assessed. The dissolution data were fitted to five popular release models, which have been described in the literature. The mechanism of drug release from matrix systems was studied by using Higuchi's square root, erosion equation and peppas-Korsmeyer equation, which are often used to describe the drug release behavior from polymeric systems.

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Excipients, release rate, immediate, gastrointestinal, rate

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BACKGROUND Low back pain has been investigated epidemiologically for many years and its incidence in different occupations has been studied. There are well-established clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain but these provide limited guidance on occupational aspects. Occupations that require prolonged periods of standing have been associated with increased reports of musculoskeletal disorders including low back pain. Previous work has utilized a prospective design of functionally inducing low back pain in previously asymptomatic individuals during a prolonged standing task. Increased trunk and gluteus mediums muscle co-activation has been found in previously asymptomatic individuals who developed pain during standing compared with individuals who did not develop pain.

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occupational Low back pain, Effectiveness, prevention, structured teaching programme ,garment factory workers

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Nanosponge is a modern category of material and is made up of tiny particles with a narrow cavity of few nanometers. These narrow cavities can be filled with various types of substances. These tiny particles are having a capability due to which it is able to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substance and can increase the stability of poorly water- soluble drug substance or molecules. Aceclofenac loaded nanosponges was developed and optimized using systematic Quality by Design approach. Firstly, the quality target product profile (QTPP) of nanosponge formulation was defined and critical quality attributes (CQAs) and critical material attributes (CMAs) were screened through risk assessment studies based on fish bone diagram.32 full factorial Box-Behnken design using Design Expert software(version 9.0) was employed to optimize the selected CMAs.Concentration of Concentration of polymer(X1), Stirring Speed(X2) and Stirring time (X3) were selected as independent CMAs. entrapment efficiency (Y1), % Practical yield (Y2) was evaluated as dependant CQAs. Optimized formulation was then evaluated for FTIR, DSC, XRD, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential, SEM. Formulation was also found stable at different storage condition.

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Aceclofenac, nanosponge ,colloidal carrier, Box-Behnken design.

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In recent years, deep learning (DL) has emerged as the gold standard in the machine learning (ML) community, offering remarkable capabilities in addressing complex cognitive tasks and surpassing human performance. DL's ability to handle massive amounts of data has made it the most widely adopted computational approach in ML, with successful applications across domains such as cybersecurity, natural language processing, bioinformatics, robotics and control, and medical information processing. Despite numerous reviews focusing on specific aspects of DL, a holistic understanding of the field remains lacking. This comprehensive review aims to bridge that gap by providing an encompassing survey of DL, covering essential aspects and recent enhancements. Key topics addressed include the importance of DL, different DL techniques and networks, with a special emphasis on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the dominant network type. The evolution of CNN architectures, from pioneering models like AlexNet to state-of-the-art designs such as High-Resolution network (HR.Net), is discussed, highlighting their salient features. Additionally, the review examines the challenges faced in DL and proposes potential solutions to address existing research gaps. A wide range of major DL applications is presented to showcase its effectiveness across various domains. The influence of computational tools, including FPGA, GPU, and CPU, on DL is summarized, underscoring their role in accelerating DL tasks. The review concludes with the inclusion of an evolution matrix and benchmark datasets to aid researchers in evaluating DL performance. By taking a comprehensive and holistic approach, this review serves as an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of DL concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, and future directions. It provides a comprehensive overview of the field, highlights recent advancements, and identifies potential avenues for further research and development.

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Deep learning, Machine learning, Convolutional neural networks, CNN architectures, Challenges, Applications, Future directions, Computational tools, Benchmark datasets, Image classification, Transfer learning, Medical image analysis, Supervised learning, FPGA(Field Programmable Gateway Array), GPU(Graphics Processing Units).

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Who Says: In Perception Nadia Parvin Mou

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Financial Technology (FinTech), FinTech Adoption, Digitalization, Digitization, Digital Transformation, Banking Industry, Economic Growth.

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This research paper is based on proper calculation and design of a spacecraft for a human settlement in a space. There is a proper design of a spacecraft and things needed to make it.

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Proper calculation and design of spacecraft. and things needed to make it.

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Metamorphic, Gemstones, Sedimentary rocks, vedic astrology, Panna Ratan ,Emerald Gemstones

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People tend to use tiffin service very often. The main customers of these services are students and employees who live in rented apartments. The subscription of this service changes a lot as it depends for how much time the customers want the tiffin to be delivered to them. A proper management is needed for the tiffin-vendor and the customers as well to cut of the everyday hassle. Every individual who uses the tiffin service has experienced many difficulties at some time trying to order the food or even while managing the payment for the same. As always people like hassle -free services and that made us think of this system. We aim to make it easier for all the customer users to order the tiffin and the tiffin-vendors to manage the process of order handling seamlessly. In this way it would help the vendors to utilize their time easily and also grow their business.

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ONLINE TIFFIN SERVICE

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This project conclude that the guidelines provided on the use of herbal hair oil having minimal or no side effects. All the parameters showed that they are within the limits and since all the ingredients added have many advantages, this oil will help in maintaining good growth of hair, turning grey hair to black, protects from dandruff and results in lustrous looking hair. Herbal hair oil is one of the most well recognized hair treatments. Herbal hair oil not only moisturizes scalp but also reverses dry scalp and dry hair condition. It provides numerous essential nutrients required to maintain normal function of sebaceous glands and promotes natural hair growth. Overall, the formulated herbal oil provides many nourishing value to hair such as vitamins, minerals, and essential oils. The product is within the limits. In conclusion, oil is beneficial to prevent hair from damage and loss caused by pollution and dull hair. And provide an alternative source from hazardous chemicals.

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Hair oil

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The research is done to study the relationship between bullying, aggression, and emotional competence. Bullying refers to unwelcome, violent behaviour displayed by school-age children that incorporates a real or imagined power disparity. Aggression is a general term for a variety of actions that might hurt you, other people, or inanimate things in the environment physically or psychologically. A person's bodily or emotional harm to another is at the heart of aggression. Emotional competence is a person's ability to express or release their feelings. It suggests a comfort with emotions, which leads to emotionally competent people being unconcerned with other people's emotions. The hypothesis for the study is 1. Adolescents who engage in bullying behaviour will show higher levels of aggression compared to those who do not engage in bullying behaviour.2. Adolescents who have higher emotional competence will engage in less bullying behaviour and show lower levels of aggression.3. There will be a negative correlation between emotional competence and bullying/aggression in adolescents. The variables independent variable: Bullying behaviour: These variable measures whether the adolescent engages in bullying behaviour or not. Dependent variable: Aggression: These variable measures the level of aggressive behaviour exhibited by the adolescent. Emotional competence: These variable measures the adolescent's ability to recognize, understand, and manage their emotions. For the analysis of result correlations is used. The 2sample size used is 8th to 12th class students age group of 14-18 years. The result used here is correlation between bullying and aggression is. -157 the correlation between bullying and emotional competence is .175. there is insignificant relationship between the variables. The implication of the study It can assist us in figuring out the root reasons of bullying and the risk factors that go along with it. The findings can be used to build effective prevention and intervention techniques, including programs that promote emotional competence in teenagers. Policymakers can use the study's results to create policies and guidelines addressing bullying in schools. Additionally, it emphasises how crucial it is to help teenagers' mental health by addressing their emotional competence. The study can inform the integration of social-emotional learning into educational curricula and encourage parental and community involvement in tackling bullying. Overall, the study advances knowledge of these problems and provides advice on how to foster circumstances where teenagers can flourish.

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BULLYING. AGRESSION AND EMOTIONAL COMPETENCE

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This paper proposes a CNN-based multi-task learning (MTL) method for identifying and tracking individual motorcycles, and register rider specific helmet use. The HELMET dataset includes 91,000 annotated frames of 10,006 individual motorcycles from 12 observation sites in Myanmar. An evaluation metric for helmet use and rider detection accuracy is introduced. IoT technology enables real-time monitoring and reporting, allowing police to respond quickly to violations and enforce helmet-wearing regulations. The system uses image processing techniques to analyse video footage from surveillance cameras placed at strategic locations on roads

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CNN- Model, MTL Method, IOT

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Polyherbal powder, Jamun guthli

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Secure, Frontend, Backend, Cloud, Web Application

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Recruitment, Human Resource, online Portfolio, staffing.

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Hot spring of Gujarat; Thermophilic bacteria; Thermotolerant enzymes; Compost; Kitchen waste degradation

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In this project, we are showcasing the connections between mathematics and architecture. Architectures has its unique relationship with mathematics. Here we are incorporating the study of such mathematical concepts as ratio, proportion, scales and symmetry. Also, many ancient architectural achievements continue to strike any keen observer with both their grandeur and structural stability such structural stability had resulted due to following the principles of mathematics to obtain equilibrium and aesthetics in a balanced proportion. In this project, we see all these architectural achievements and many fundamental principles of math have been used.

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Mathematics in Architecture, Golden Section, Fractal Geometry, Religious Architecture, Architectural Geometry.

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A study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge regarding tularemia among farmers residing at Thirubuvanai, Puducherry.50 farmers were selected by convenient sampling technique. Quantitative approach was used for the study. Structured knowledge questionnaire was used for data collection. Out of the 50 farmers who were interviewed, Majority of the farmers 26(52%) of study population were in the age group are 40-50 years. Majority of the farmers were female 27(54%). Majority of the farmers were Hindu 40(80%). Majority of the farmers were Secondary schooling 16(32%). Majority of the farmers were Private Job and Own business 19(38%). Majority of the farmers Monthly Income were Rs 5000-10,000 31(62%). Majority of the farmers were Middle Class 41(82%).Majority of the farmers were married 44(88%). Majority of the farmers were Joint family 28(56%). Majority of the farmers were having 1 children 21(42%). Majority of the farmers were Rural 35(70%). Majority of the farmers had not Lifestyle diseases 31(62%). Majority of the farmers were Both Vegetarian and non-Vegetarian 30(60%). Majority of the farmers had not previous knowledge about Tularemia 43(86%). Majority of the farmers had not previous history of Tularemia 43(86%). Majority of the farmers were 5-10 years of working in the agricultural field 20(40%). Majority of the farmers, Sources and information about Tularemia were Health Professional 40(80%). The study concluded that there is inadequate level of knowledge regarding Tularemia.

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Tularemia, tulerensis, typhoidal tularaemia, farmers, knowledge

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This study evaluates knowledge regarding financial and retirement planning in India. Most people seem to be unprepared to take charge of financial decisions and retirement. This study shows that many households are unfamiliar with even the most basic economic concepts needed to make savings and investment decisions. This study uses a questionnaire to evaluate financial knowledge and retirement planni ng in India. For the most part, this questionnaire was developed using literature questionnaires.

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Retirement Planning, Financial Knowledge, Investment Decision, Saving Decision, Future Need of Money, Various Government Pension Schemes

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Financial sector reforms, economic growth, digital transformation, banking industry, third-generation financial sector reforms, financial technology (fintech). ___________________________________________________________

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The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding importance of infant mother bonding among primigravida women at selected hospitals in Bangalore.

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Effectiveness; knowledge; structured teaching programme; Infant mother bonding;primigravida women; selected hospital

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Over the past few decades, interest in theories and algorithms for face recognition has been growing rapidly. Video surveillance, criminal identification, building access control, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles are just a few examples of concrete applications that are gaining attraction among industries. This research has six sections ordered as follows: Section one is the introduction, Section two is dedicated to applications related to face recognition, Section three, face recognition techniques are presented by details, section four, illustrates classification types, In section five, standard face databases are presented, finally, in section six, the conclusion is presented followed by the list of references. This research paper gives an ideal way of detecting and recognizing human face using OpenCV, and python which is part of deep learning. This report consists the ways in which deep learning an important part of technical field and can be used to determine the face using several libraries in OpenCV along with python. This report will further contain a proposed system which will help in the detecting the human face in real time. This implementation can be used at various platforms in machines and Smartphone, and several other software applications.

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Face recognition

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Polymer complex samples of laser dye Rhodamine (Rh6G) doped Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with various compositions; PMMA: Rh (6G) :: 2g : 0.005mg, 2g : 0.05mg, 2g : 0.5mg and 2g pure PMMA were prepared by solution cast method. The currents were measured with samples charged with fields of 10, 15, 20 and 25 kV/cm, at polarizing temperatures of 50, 70, 90 and 110oC. Transient charging and discharging current were investigated in pure and doped polymeric samples. The results have indicated that dipolar relaxations, interfacial polarizations and space charge effects are jointly operative in the present case.

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Polymer complex, Rhodamine (6G); Transient Charging and Discharging

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Abstract: This study has been undertaken to investigate the ethnography of Chittoor district,Andhra Pradesh with special reference to linguistics of vernacular names of angiospermic weeds..Ethnobotany is considered as multidisciplinary study of use of plants in material or abstract form among ethnic communities.. The main disciplines of classical ethnobotany are Ethnography and Botany. Linguistics which include etymology and philology of local names constitute main part of ethnography. The important methods adopted to study the etymology and philology of vernacular names are 1. Philological research, 2. Making use of dialectological data, 3. Comparative method . In the present study 201 vernacular names of 162 weed species belonging to 128 genera belonging to 54 families were deciphered etymologically and philologically. From the study it is clear that vernacular names are mostly based on certain salient characters like shape, color, direct and indirect hints, usages ,magico religious belief, and rituals. Vernacular names are in Telugu which is the native language of the study area. The present study is the first attempt with special reference to linguistics of the vernacular names of the angiospermic weeds of Chittoor district , Andhra Pradesh which reflect a broad spectrum of information on the understanding the plants. I ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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- Ethnography, etymology, philology, vernacular names , angiospermic weeds.

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The field of robotics is rapidly growing, and the revolutionary idea of making robots nanoscale has paved the path for a new approach to improving people's health. Many researchers in the academic community are now examining nanorobots for their potential medicinal applications. The major focus of this study is the manufacturing procedures that go into creating nanorobots and their components obstacles in the fields of application, after which problems with the underlying design architecture, sensors, actuators, powering, navigation, and data transfer are discussed. Moreover, the numerous potential architectures that a nanorobot might use are discussed in detail in an overview of the different nanorobotic systems. There is also an examination and presentation of a range of medical applications, from those pertaining to chemotherapy and drug delivery to surgery.

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Nanorobots, Micro bots, challenges, Nano medicine, nanorobotic systems, drug delivery, Robotic surgery, dentistry.

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Tamil Cinema, Caste

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EI has to do with one's capacity to both perceive and get a handle on their own feelings, while outfitting said feelings suitably to have the most ideal response as circumstances direct. It likewise has to do with one's consciousness of and awareness towards others' feelings.

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EI - emotional intelligence

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The treatment of waste water is an important technique for reducing land pollution, river pollution and eutrophication etc.In the present work the sample of water collected from different region / area of kurkumbh MIDC over the due course of time various parameters regarding the water quality were analyzed&the Indian standards was referred to check the acceptability of water. The boundaries which were broke down are as per the following. 1) Determination of Colour 2) Determination of Odour 3) Determination of Total solid 4) Determination of Total dissolved solid 5) Determination of Total suspended solid 6) Determination of Volatile solid 7) Determination of Temperature of sample 8) Determination of chemical oxygen demand 9) Determination of Chlorides 10) Determination of PH 11) Determination of Total Alkalinity 12) Determination of Total hardness of water 13) Determination of Biological oxygen demand 14) Determination of Dissolved oxygen 15) Determination of Oil and grease Most of parameters were found in desirable range & some of these are not in desirable range for industrial waste water.

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TDS, COD, alkalinity, BOD, Hardness

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Abstract- Cerebrovascular Accident generalized said to stroke as sudden, non-convulsive focal neurological deficit & In its most severe form the patient becomes hemiplegic. The focal neurological deficit resulting from a stroke, whether embolic, thrombotic or hemorrhagic, is a reflection of the size and location of the lesion and the amount of collateral blood flow. The study was for sixth weeks structured, Taping therapy reduce the shoulder pain in sub acute stroke patients. The study is entitled as compare the effect of Taping therapy and TENS therapy in shoulder pain for sub acute stroke patients. Taping therapy had shown reduce in shoulder pain in sub acute stroke patients with visual analogue scale. This studies that use of Tapping and TENS improve shoulder pain in patients of sub acute stroke. It can be seen that the use of Taping is beneficial in patients of sub acute stroke. LIMITATIONS- The lack of follow up has the drawback that sustained of this improvement and further progression value is not revealed.

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Introduction, Aims and Objectives, Review of Literature, Materials and Methods, Results , Discussion, Conclusion, References, Appendices.

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